Volatile organic compound - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-04-28T15:32:26Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:32, 28 April 2020
(No difference)

energy>Jmdonev at 20:14, 25 February 2020

2020-02-25T20:14:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 25 February 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[category:371 topics]]		[[category:371 topics]]
	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-10-15]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	[[File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Many industrial solvents, such as paint, contain various hydrocarbons which ~~can~~ evaporate ~~into the atmosphere~~ and ~~lead~~ to ~~harmful consequences~~.<Ref>"EWM paint 2007" by Tom Murphy VII. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg#/media/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Many industrial solvents, such as paint, contain various hydrocarbons which evaporate and are harmful to health.<Ref>"EWM paint 2007" by Tom Murphy VII. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg#/media/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Volatile organic compounds''' ('''VOCs''') are [[organic molecule]]s - specifically [[hydrocarbon]]s - that are classified as a [[pollutant]] as they produce undesirable effects in the [[atmosphere]]. ~~The~~ are defined as [[volatile]] because they evaporate quickly and easily into the air.</onlyinclude> They react with [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] in the air to form [[ground level ozone]], another harmful pollutant, and they also contribute to the formation of secondary [[particulate matter]].<ref name=pp>Prepared for Pollution Probe by Olivia Nugent. 2002. ''The Smog Primer''.</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Volatile organic compounds''' ('''VOCs''') are [[organic molecule]]s - specifically [[hydrocarbon]]s - that are classified as a [[pollutant]] as they produce undesirable effects in the [[atmosphere]]. They are defined as [[volatile]] because they evaporate quickly and easily into the [[air]].</onlyinclude> They react with [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] in the air to form [[ground level ozone]], another harmful pollutant, and they also contribute to the formation of secondary [[particulate matter]].<ref name=pp>Prepared for Pollution Probe by Olivia Nugent. 2002. ''The Smog Primer''.</ref>

	VOCs occur in many forms and are emitted from both human sources, such as [[power plant]]s, and natural sources, such as trees and plants. Although natural sources account for about 85% of the VOCs in the air, the more reactive and therefore concerning ones are those produced by human activities. Especially in cities where there less plants, the dominant emissions of VOCs come from [[anthropogenic]] sources. These compounds play a key role in the formation of ozone and [[photochemical smog]], which are very harmful for human health.<ref name=hinrichs>R. A. Hinrichs and M. Kleinbach, "Hydrocarbons or Volatile Organic Compounds," in ''Energy: Its Use and the Environment'', 5th ed. Toronto, Ont. Canada: Brooks/Cole, 2013, ch.8, sec.C, pp.247-250</ref>		VOCs occur in many forms and are emitted from both human sources, such as [[power plant]]s, and natural sources, such as trees and plants. Although natural sources account for about 85% of the VOCs in the air, the more reactive and therefore concerning ones are those produced by human activities. Especially in cities where there less plants, the dominant emissions of VOCs come from [[anthropogenic]] sources, as shown in Figure 1. These compounds play a key role in the formation of ozone and [[photochemical smog]], which are very harmful for human health.<ref name=hinrichs>R. A. Hinrichs and M. Kleinbach, "Hydrocarbons or Volatile Organic Compounds," in ''Energy: Its Use and the Environment'', 5th ed. Toronto, Ont. Canada: Brooks/Cole, 2013, ch.8, sec.C, pp.247-250</ref>

	''Visit the UC Davis ChemWiki [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog here] to see how VOCs contribute to smog by the production of ozone.''		''Visit the UC Davis ChemWiki [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog here] to see how VOCs contribute to smog by the production of ozone.''
Line 19:		Line 19:
	The emissions of volatile organic compounds has diminished in recent years due to public awareness and improved regulation. Many gasoline stations use vapor-recovery systems to minimize the VOCs emitted from the pumping of gas.<Ref name=hinrichs/> Every new vehicle sold is also equipped with a [[catalytic converter]], which chemically alter harmful VOCs and [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] into less harmful pollutants. Many scientists also suggest to pump gasoline at night to reduce the amount of VOCs that can react with [[sunlight]].<Ref>UC Davis ChemiWiki. (Accessed July 29, 2015). ''Smog'' [Online], Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog</ref>		The emissions of volatile organic compounds has diminished in recent years due to public awareness and improved regulation. Many gasoline stations use vapor-recovery systems to minimize the VOCs emitted from the pumping of gas.<Ref name=hinrichs/> Every new vehicle sold is also equipped with a [[catalytic converter]], which chemically alter harmful VOCs and [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] into less harmful pollutants. Many scientists also suggest to pump gasoline at night to reduce the amount of VOCs that can react with [[sunlight]].<Ref>UC Davis ChemiWiki. (Accessed July 29, 2015). ''Smog'' [Online], Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog</ref>

	The data visualization below shows a recent decrease in VOC levels in Canada. It can also be altered to view various other pollutants, most of which have been declining as well. For a more in-depth look at pollution data, including a graph showing where VOC emissions come from ~~primarily~~, click [http://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=VOC#Detailed_Source_Data here].		The data visualization below shows a recent decrease in VOC levels in Canada. It can also be altered to view various other pollutants, most of which have been declining as well. For a more in-depth look at pollution data, including a graph showing where VOC emissions primarily come from, click [http://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=VOC#Detailed_Source_Data here].

	<html>		<html>
	<iframe id='pollution-line' class='data-visualization pollutant-VOC'></iframe>		<iframe id='pollution-line' class='data-visualization pollutant-VOC'></iframe>
	</html>		</html>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Volatile]]
			*[[Pollution]]
			*[[Benzene]]
			*[[Smog]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]
	~~[[category:Ian edit]]~~

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-11-13T01:47:47Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 01:47, 13 November 2015
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 22:26, 12 November 2015

2015-11-12T22:26:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:26, 12 November 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[category:371 topics]]		[[category:371 topics]]
	[[Category:Done 2015-07-24]]		[[Category:Done 2015-10-15]]
	[[File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Many industrial solvents, such as paint, contain various hydrocarbons which can evaporate into the atmosphere and lead to harmful consequences.<Ref>"EWM paint 2007" by Tom Murphy VII. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg#/media/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Many industrial solvents, such as paint, contain various hydrocarbons which can evaporate into the atmosphere and lead to harmful consequences.<Ref>"EWM paint 2007" by Tom Murphy VII. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg#/media/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg</ref>]]

Line 19:		Line 19:
	The emissions of volatile organic compounds has diminished in recent years due to public awareness and improved regulation. Many gasoline stations use vapor-recovery systems to minimize the VOCs emitted from the pumping of gas.<Ref name=hinrichs/> Every new vehicle sold is also equipped with a [[catalytic converter]], which chemically alter harmful VOCs and [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] into less harmful pollutants. Many scientists also suggest to pump gasoline at night to reduce the amount of VOCs that can react with [[sunlight]].<Ref>UC Davis ChemiWiki. (Accessed July 29, 2015). ''Smog'' [Online], Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog</ref>		The emissions of volatile organic compounds has diminished in recent years due to public awareness and improved regulation. Many gasoline stations use vapor-recovery systems to minimize the VOCs emitted from the pumping of gas.<Ref name=hinrichs/> Every new vehicle sold is also equipped with a [[catalytic converter]], which chemically alter harmful VOCs and [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] into less harmful pollutants. Many scientists also suggest to pump gasoline at night to reduce the amount of VOCs that can react with [[sunlight]].<Ref>UC Davis ChemiWiki. (Accessed July 29, 2015). ''Smog'' [Online], Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog</ref>

	The data visualization below shows a recent decrease in VOC levels in Canada. It can also be altered to view various other pollutants, most of which have been declining as well. For a more in-depth look at pollution data, including a graph showing where VOC emissions come from primarily, click [http://energyeducation.ca/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=VOC#Detailed_Source_Data here].		The data visualization below shows a recent decrease in VOC levels in Canada. It can also be altered to view various other pollutants, most of which have been declining as well. For a more in-depth look at pollution data, including a graph showing where VOC emissions come from primarily, click [http://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=VOC#Detailed_Source_Data here].

	<html>		<html>
	<iframe id='pollution-line' class='data-visualization pollutant-VOC'></iframe>		<iframe id='pollution-line' class='data-visualization pollutant-VOC'></iframe>
	~~<script>~~
	~~if (window.location.href.indexOf('pollutant=') != -1){~~
	~~var pollutant = window.location.href.split('pollutant=')[1].split('#')[0],~~
	~~list = document.getElementsByClassName('data-visualization'),~~
	~~i,len = list.length;~~
	~~for (i = 0; i < len; i++){~~
	~~list[i].className += ' pollutant-'+pollutant;~~
	}
	}
	~~</script>~~
	</html>		</html>

Line 38:		Line 28:
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]
			[[category:Ian edit]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:47Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
(No difference)

J.williams at 17:00, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T17:00:28Z

New page

[[category:371 topics]]
[[Category:Done 2015-07-24]]
[[File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg|300px|thumb|Figure 1. Many industrial solvents, such as paint, contain various hydrocarbons which can evaporate into the atmosphere and lead to harmful consequences.<Ref>"EWM paint 2007" by Tom Murphy VII. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg#/media/File:EWM_paint_2007.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Volatile organic compounds''' ('''VOCs''') are [[organic molecule]]s - specifically [[hydrocarbon]]s - that are classified as a [[pollutant]] as they produce undesirable effects in the [[atmosphere]]. The are defined as [[volatile]] because they evaporate quickly and easily into the air.</onlyinclude> They react with [[NOx|nitrogen oxides]] in the air to form [[ground level ozone]], another harmful pollutant, and they also contribute to the formation of secondary [[particulate matter]].<ref name=pp>Prepared for Pollution Probe by Olivia Nugent. 2002. ''The Smog Primer''.</ref>

VOCs occur in many forms and are emitted from both human sources, such as [[power plant]]s, and natural sources, such as trees and plants. Although natural sources account for about 85% of the VOCs in the air, the more reactive and therefore concerning ones are those produced by human activities. Especially in cities where there less plants, the dominant emissions of VOCs come from [[anthropogenic]] sources. These compounds play a key role in the formation of ozone and [[photochemical smog]], which are very harmful for human health.<ref name=hinrichs>R. A. Hinrichs and M. Kleinbach, "Hydrocarbons or Volatile Organic Compounds," in ''Energy: Its Use and the Environment'', 5th ed. Toronto, Ont. Canada: Brooks/Cole, 2013, ch.8, sec.C, pp.247-250</ref>

''Visit the UC Davis ChemWiki [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog here] to see how VOCs contribute to smog by the production of ozone.''

==Emission sources==

VOCs occur in many forms (some more harmful than others) and different sources emit different forms. Such sources include [[petroleum]] use, trash incineration, and evaporation of industrial [[chemical]]s. [[Gasoline]] alone contains almost 100 different hydrocarbons including [[octane rating|iso-octane]], [[heptane]] and [[ethane]].<Ref name=hinrichs/> A major contributor to VOCs is the evaporation of various hydrocarbon-rich liquids such as gasoline from car tanks or refueling stations, industrial solvents such as oil-based paint, barbecue starter fluid, and cleaning products.<ref name=pp/><ref name=hinrichs/>

As stated before, VOC emissions from vegetation is more than 5 times that of human sources (in Canada, as a whole). However this number greatly decreases towards large cities, until it is human sources accounting for most of the harmful hydrocarbons. In densely populated cities such as Los Angeles or Mexico City the smog produced in part by VOCs has become a major problem, and the [[ground level ozone#Health effects|health effects]] associated with it are increasingly worrisome.

==Reducing VOC emissions==

The emissions of volatile organic compounds has diminished in recent years due to public awareness and improved regulation. Many gasoline stations use vapor-recovery systems to minimize the VOCs emitted from the pumping of gas.<Ref name=hinrichs/> Every new vehicle sold is also equipped with a [[catalytic converter]], which chemically alter harmful VOCs and [[NOx|nitrogen oxides]] into less harmful pollutants. Many scientists also suggest to pump gasoline at night to reduce the amount of VOCs that can react with [[sunlight]].<Ref>UC Davis ChemiWiki. (Accessed July 29, 2015). ''Smog'' [Online], Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies%3A_Kinetics/Smog</ref>

The data visualization below shows a recent decrease in VOC levels in Canada. It can also be altered to view various other pollutants, most of which have been declining as well. For a more in-depth look at pollution data, including a graph showing where VOC emissions come from primarily, click [http://energyeducation.ca/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=VOC#Detailed_Source_Data here].

<html>
<iframe id='pollution-line' class='data-visualization pollutant-VOC'></iframe>
<script>
if (window.location.href.indexOf('pollutant=') != -1){
var pollutant = window.location.href.split('pollutant=')[1].split('#')[0],
list = document.getElementsByClassName('data-visualization'),
i,len = list.length;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++){
list[i].className += ' pollutant-'+pollutant;
}
}
</script>
</html>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]