Window - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2026-07-02T20:55:24Z

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energy>Jmdonev at 17:44, 4 June 2026

2026-06-04T17:44:22Z

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	[[File:NRCANWIND.png\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Operable and non-operable windows.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (April 25, 2015). ''Energy Efficient Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights - Operable Window'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf</ref>]]		[[File:NRCANWIND.png\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Operable and non-operable windows.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (April 25, 2015). ''Energy Efficient Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights - Operable Window'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf</ref>]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

2018-06-04T16:52:33Z

1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

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Jmdonev at 22:06, 1 June 2018

2018-06-01T22:06:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:06, 1 June 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2018-06-01]]
	[[File:NRCANWIND.png\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Operable and non-operable windows.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (April 25, 2015). ''Energy Efficient Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights - Operable Window'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf</ref>]]		[[File:NRCANWIND.png\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Operable and non-operable windows.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (April 25, 2015). ''Energy Efficient Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights - Operable Window'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Windows''' are openings in walls, doors, or vehicles that allow the passage of light. Windows are important for household [[energy efficiency]] because they're how homes let [[heat]] and [[light]] in and out.</onlyinclude> [[Solar collector orientation#Direction\|Proper window placement]] and type are essential for [[energy efficient building design]]~~; windows are~~ a crucial part of the [[building envelope]].		<onlyinclude>'''Windows''' are openings in walls, doors, or vehicles that allow the passage of light. Windows are important for a household's [[energy efficiency]] because they're how homes let [[heat]] and [[light]] in and out.</onlyinclude> [[Solar collector orientation#Direction\|Proper window placement]] and type are essential for [[energy efficient building design]] making it a crucial part of the [[building envelope]].

	Operable windows can be opened and closed and also allow the passage of air and sound through them from one environment to another. Some examples of operable windows include casement and hopper windows. Windows that don't open are called non-operable (fixed) windows.<ref name="R1">Natural Resources Canada. (March 22, 2015). ''Windows'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/categories/fenestration/13939</ref> Operable windows are more desirable in residences as they can be opened to help ventilate the home.		Operable windows can be opened and closed and also allow the passage of air and sound through them from one environment to another. Some examples of operable windows include casement and hopper windows. Windows that don't open are called non-operable (fixed) windows.<ref name="R1">Natural Resources Canada. (March 22, 2015). ''Windows'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/categories/fenestration/13939</ref> Operable windows are more desirable in residences as they can be opened to help ventilate the home.
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	[[Convection]] - Heat that is lost from air movement near to and in the space between the glass		[[Convection]] - Heat that is lost from air movement near to and in the space between the glass

	[[Evapotranspiration\|Air Leakage]] - This accounts for the heat transferred as air moves through the gaps in the frame due to shortcomings in the installation or manufacturing of the window		[[Evapotranspiration\|Air Leakage]] - This accounts for the heat transferred when air moves through the gaps in the frame due to shortcomings in the installation or manufacturing of the window

	There is no way to completely stop heat loss through windows but there are ways to significantly reduce it.		There is no way to completely stop heat loss through windows but there are ways to significantly reduce it.
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	===Low-emissivity Coating===		===Low-emissivity Coating===
	:''[[e-coating\|main article]]''		:''[[e-coating\|main article]]''
	A special coating called a [[e-coating]] can reduce the amount of light and heat transferred as a result of thermal radiation.		A special coating called an [[e-coating]] can reduce the amount of light and heat transferred as a result of thermal radiation.

	===Window Insulation Film===		===Window Insulation Film===
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	===Visible light transmittance===		===Visible light transmittance===
	Visible light transmittance is a ratio that measures the amount of visible light that can pass through the window over the total incident visible light.<ref name="R2"/> The higher the value the more visible light can pass through it.<ref name=web5/>		Visible light transmittance is a ratio that measures the amount of visible light that can pass through the window over the total incident visible light.<ref name="R2"/> The higher the value the more visible light can pass through it.<ref name=web5/>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Fenestration]]
			*[[Energy efficient building design]]
			*[[Weather stripping]]
			*[[Gas filling]]
			*[[E-coating]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:22:26Z

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Jmdonev at 15:13, 28 August 2015

2015-08-28T15:13:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 28 August 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-04-01]]		[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]
	[[File:NRCANWIND.png\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Operable and non-operable windows.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (April 25, 2015). ''Energy Efficient Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights - Operable Window'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf</ref>]]		[[File:NRCANWIND.png\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Operable and non-operable windows.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (April 25, 2015). ''Energy Efficient Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights - Operable Window'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Windows''' are openings in walls, doors, or vehicles that allow the passage of light. Windows are important for household [[~~energy efficient building design\|~~energy efficiency]] because they're how homes let [[heat]] and [[light]] in and out.</onlyinclude> [[Proper window placement]] and type are essential for [[energy efficient ~~house~~ design]]; windows are a crucial part of the [[building envelope]].		<onlyinclude>'''Windows''' are openings in walls, doors, or vehicles that allow the passage of light. Windows are important for household [[energy efficiency]] because they're how homes let [[heat]] and [[light]] in and out.</onlyinclude> [[Solar collector orientation#Direction\|Proper window placement]] and type are essential for [[energy efficient building design]]; windows are a crucial part of the [[building envelope]].

	Operable windows can be opened and closed and also allow the passage of air and sound through them from one environment to another. Some examples of operable windows include casement and hopper windows. Windows that don't open are called non-operable (fixed) windows.<ref name="R1">Natural Resources Canada. (March 22, 2015). ''Windows'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/categories/fenestration/13939</ref> Operable windows are more desirable in residences as they can be opened to help ventilate the home.		Operable windows can be opened and closed and also allow the passage of air and sound through them from one environment to another. Some examples of operable windows include casement and hopper windows. Windows that don't open are called non-operable (fixed) windows.<ref name="R1">Natural Resources Canada. (March 22, 2015). ''Windows'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/categories/fenestration/13939</ref> Operable windows are more desirable in residences as they can be opened to help ventilate the home.

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:49Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
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J.williams at 17:00, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T17:00:35Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-04-01]]
[[File:NRCANWIND.png|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. Operable and non-operable windows.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (April 25, 2015). ''Energy Efficient Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights - Operable Window'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Windows''' are openings in walls, doors, or vehicles that allow the passage of light. Windows are important for household [[energy efficient building design|energy efficiency]] because they're how homes let [[heat]] and [[light]] in and out.</onlyinclude> [[Proper window placement]] and type are essential for [[energy efficient house design]]; windows are a crucial part of the [[building envelope]].

Operable windows can be opened and closed and also allow the passage of air and sound through them from one environment to another. Some examples of operable windows include casement and hopper windows. Windows that don't open are called non-operable (fixed) windows.<ref name="R1">Natural Resources Canada. (March 22, 2015). ''Windows'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/categories/fenestration/13939</ref> Operable windows are more desirable in residences as they can be opened to help ventilate the home.

The technical term for windows, [[door]]s and [[skylight]]s is [[fenestration]].

==Anatomy of a window==
There are many parts that come together to make a window. Each part must be able to perform its own unique function as well integrate into the window as a whole.<ref name=web2>Pella. (March 22, 2015). ''Learn the parts of your Pella Window'' [Online]. Available:http://www.pella.com/support-center/glossary/window-anatomy/default.aspx </ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Parts of a window
|-
! Name !! Function
|-
| Frame || Creates an opening that houses the window components and consists of the head, jambs and sill
|-
| Glazing ||The term used to refer to the transparent material of a window. The glazing can sometimes be covered in different coatings that can alter its energy efficiency.
|-
| Grilles/Grid/Muntin || Divide the glass of the window into smaller panes. In modern windows they are primarily used for aesthetic purposes only.
|-
| Head || Forms the top of the window frame
|-
| Jamb || Forms the vertical sides of the window frame
|-
| Sash || A framework that holds the various panes of a window within the window frame itself
|-
| Sill || Forms the bottom of the window frame
|}

==Heat loss in windows==
When considering aspects of [[heat]] loss in homes, studies find that windows are the largest single contributor. Heat loss in windows happens through [[heat transfer mechanisms]] and through air leakage.<ref name="R2">Natural Resources Canada. (March 22, 2015). ''Energy-Efficient Residential Windows, Doors and Skylights'' [Online]. Available:http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf </ref>

With relation to windows these types of heat loss occur as described below:

[[Radiation|Thermal Radiation]] - The glazing of the window absorbs heat and re-radiates it to the internal or external environment, whichever is cooler

[[Thermal conduction | Conduction]] - Heat moves through solid parts of the window such as the jambs, head, sill, and glazing

[[Convection]] - Heat that is lost from air movement near to and in the space between the glass

[[Evapotranspiration|Air Leakage]] - This accounts for the heat transferred as air moves through the gaps in the frame due to shortcomings in the installation or manufacturing of the window

There is no way to completely stop heat loss through windows but there are ways to significantly reduce it.

==Reducing heat loss==
For more detailed information about how to make windows, doors, and skylights as energy efficient as possible, see Natural Resource Canada's guide book [http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/equipment/windows-door-skylights-e-web-version.pdf here].
===Weatherstripping===
:''[[weather stripping|main article]]''
One way to reduce the heat lost due to air leakage is by [[weather stripping|weatherstripping]] the window. Weatherstripping is the use of a seal between the frame and the sash of the window. There are three basic type of weatherstripping seals: brush, sweep, and compression. Most operable windows use compression seals as the primary air barrier.<ref name="R2"/>

In addition to decreasing the air leakage of windows, weatherstripping also keeps rain out and helps in reducing noise exchange from the surroundings with the interior of the home.<ref name=web3> L.MacNevin. (March 22, 2015). ''Compression Seal Technology'' [Online]. Available: http://www.ronblank.com/courses/reh08a/reh08a.pdf </ref>

===Glazing===
:''[[glazing|main article]]''
The glazing is the glass in the window. Using glazing with various properties can drastically affect the performance of the window.

===Filler Gas===
:''[[gas filling|main article]]''
Typically air occupies the space between sheets of glass in a double or triple glazed window. However, special gases such as Argon or Krypton can replace the air to improve its thermal efficiency. Filling the space between glazing layers with these inert gases will reduce conductive heat losses because they have a lower thermal conductivity than air. The use of these gases will also lower convective heat losses because they are denser than air and will suppress gas movement between the panes of glass. Argon has 67% of the thermal conductivity of air, is non-toxic, and is relatively inexpensive, making it a common filler gas.<ref name=web6> International Association of Certified Home Inspectors. (March 21, 2015). ''Window Gas Fills: What Inspectors and Consumers Should Know,'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nachi.org/window-gas-fills.htm. </ref> Krypton is a more effective insulator than Argon but is more expensive resulting in it being less commonly used as a filler gas.

===Low-emissivity Coating===
:''[[e-coating|main article]]''
A special coating called a [[e-coating]] can reduce the amount of light and heat transferred as a result of thermal radiation.

===Window Insulation Film===
Kits can be purchased that contain sheets of plastic and a means to attach these sheets to an existing window. To save money, the option also exists to use everyday saran wrap and a hairdryer to perform effectively the same task. Kits generally include a roll of thin, clear plastic and double sided tape to attach the film to the windows, preventing cold air drafts from entering through older windows when a blow dryer is used to shrink the wrap onto the window.<ref>The Home Depot. ''Window Insulation Shrink Film'' [Online]. Available: http://www.homedepot.ca/product/crystal-clear-window-insulation-shrink-film/941489</ref> This method of preventing cold air from entering the home is especially effective in the winter months.

==Energy performance of windows==
The energy performance of a window depends on how much light and heat are allowed to move across the window. There are a few metrics that can be used to measure the energy performance of windows. The ones that are most often used in Canada are:

===U-value===
The [[U-value]] depicts the rate at which heat is transferred from warm to cold areas.<ref name="R2"/> The lower the value the higher the energy performance of the window. The units of the u-value are watts per square [[meter]] [[Kelvin]]. (W/m<sup>2</sup>K)<ref name=web5> PPG Ideascape. (March 22, 2015).''What is Low-E Glass?'' [Online]. Available: http://educationcenter.ppg.com/glasstopics/how_lowe_works.aspx </ref>

===R-value===
[[R-value]] is a value of thermal retention, and stands for resistance value. Housing [[insulation]] is rated in R-value, so rating windows in the same manner allows for easier comparison. The R-value is the reciprocal of the U value (R-value = 1/U value).

===Solar heat gain coefficient===
The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) is a ratio that represents that amount of sun’s heat that can pass through the window over the total incident solar radiation ([[insolation]]).<ref name="R2"/> The lower the value the less solar heat the window will transmit.<ref name=web5/> This can be modified with a low emissivity coating.

===Visible light transmittance===
Visible light transmittance is a ratio that measures the amount of visible light that can pass through the window over the total incident visible light.<ref name="R2"/> The higher the value the more visible light can pass through it.<ref name=web5/>

== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Uploaded]]