Work - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:02:49Z

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energy>Ethan.boechler at 20:02, 10 September 2021

2021-09-10T20:02:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:02, 10 September 2021
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	[[Category:Done ~~2020~~-01-31]]		[[Category:Done 2021-01-31]]
	[[Category:~~3A_Energy_A_closer_look~~]]		[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
	[[Category:~~371_topics~~]]		[[es:Trabajo]]
			[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[fr:Travail]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Work''' is the transfer of [[mechanical energy]] from one object to another. Since work is a movement of [[energy]], it is measured in the same units as energy: [[joule]]s (J).</onlyinclude> The definition of work in a physics context is quite different from how it is used in a person's daily life and is as follows:<ref name=Knight>R. D. Knight, "Work and Kinetic Energy" in ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach,'' 3nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, ch.11, sec.2 and 3, pp.278-301 </ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Work''' is the transfer of [[mechanical energy]] from one object to another. Since work is a movement of [[energy]], it is measured in the same units as energy: [[joule]]s (J).</onlyinclude> The definition of work in a physics context is quite different from how it is used in a person's daily life and is as follows:<ref name=Knight>R. D. Knight, "Work and Kinetic Energy" in ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach,'' 3nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, ch.11, sec.2 and 3, pp.278-301 </ref>

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	[[File:pitching.jpg\|800px\|center\|thumb\|Figure 1. A pitcher does work on a baseball in order to increase its kinetic energy. His arm goes back as far as possible and then as forward as possible in order to maximize the distance the force was applied.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Baseball_pitching_motion_2004.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:pitching.jpg\|800px\|center\|thumb\|Figure 1. A pitcher does work on a baseball in order to increase its kinetic energy. His arm goes back as far as possible and then as forward as possible in order to maximize the distance the force was applied.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Baseball_pitching_motion_2004.jpg</ref>]]

	Work also extends beyond what a person can physically see ~~however; it~~ can also affect the microscopic properties of a system, such as [[temperature]]. In 1843 this idea began to be explored by scientists,<ref>Hyperphysics, ''Mechanical equivalence of heat'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heat.html#c3</ref> and its results led to the formulation of what is now known as [[thermodynamics]]. Doing work on a system can affect its [[internal energy]], just like adding [[heat]] can~~; however~~ the two are fundamentally different, and can be explored on the [[heat vs work]] page.		Work also extends beyond what a person can physically see. It can also affect the microscopic properties of a system, such as [[temperature]]. In 1843 this idea began to be explored by scientists,<ref>Hyperphysics, ''Mechanical equivalence of heat'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heat.html#c3</ref> and its results led to the formulation of what is now known as [[thermodynamics]]. Doing work on a system can affect its [[internal energy]], just like adding [[heat]] can. However, the two processes are fundamentally different, and can be explored on the [[heat vs work]] page.

	All of the cases described so far of how work can affect a system can be summed up in a single equation:<ref name=Knight/>		All of the cases described so far of how work can affect a system can be summed up in a single equation:<ref name=Knight/>
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	<center><math>W=\Delta K + \Delta U + \Delta E_{th}</math></center>		<center><math>W=\Delta K + \Delta U + \Delta E_{th}</math></center>

	~~What this~~ equation says is that work (<math>W</math>) can change (<math>\Delta</math>) a system's: kinetic energy (<math>K</math>), potential energy (<math>U</math>), [[thermal energy]] (<math>E_{th}</math>), or any combination of the three.		This equation says that work (<math>W</math>) can change (<math>\Delta</math>) a system's kinetic energy (<math>K</math>), potential energy (<math>U</math>), [[thermal energy]] (<math>E_{th}</math>), or any combination of the three.

	The actual work done can be calculated using the following formula:<ref>R. Nave. (2015, June. 21) ''Work'' Online. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/wcon.html</ref>		The actual work done can be calculated using the following formula:<ref>R. Nave. (2015, June. 21) ''Work'' Online. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/wcon.html</ref>
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	<center><math>W = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{d}</math></center>		<center><math>W = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{d}</math></center>

	Where:		Where

	*<math>W</math> is work, or a change in mechanical energy, measured in [[joule]]s (J)		*<math>W</math> is work, or a change in mechanical energy, measured in [[joule]]s (J)
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	Throwing a ball means a hand applies a force as an arm swings forward. By applying a force on the ball over this distance, the hand is doing work on the ball, and the ball gains [[kinetic energy]]. This is what gives it speed.		Throwing a ball means a hand applies a force as an arm swings forward. By applying a force on the ball over this distance, the hand is doing work on the ball, and the ball gains [[kinetic energy]]. This is what gives it speed.

	The mathematical relationships between total work and total energy are described by the [[work-energy theorem]] and [[conservation of energy]]. [[Simple machine]]s can change the amount of force that is necessary to move an object, but the force must be applied through a larger distance: they don't change the amount of work done.		The mathematical relationships between total work and total energy are described by the [[work-energy theorem]] and [[conservation of energy]]. [[Simple machine]]s can change the amount of force that is necessary to move an object, but the force must be applied through a larger distance; they don't change the amount of work done.

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-01-31T05:10:05Z

1 revision imported

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Energy>Jmdonev at 21:17, 19 January 2020

2020-01-19T21:17:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:17, 19 January 2020
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	[[Category:Done ~~2017~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
	[[Category:3A_Energy_A_closer_look]]		[[Category:3A_Energy_A_closer_look]]
	[[Category:371_topics]]		[[Category:371_topics]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Work''' is the transfer of [[mechanical energy]] from one object to another. Since work is a ~~change in~~ [[energy]], it is measured in the same units as energy: [[joule]]s (J).</onlyinclude> The definition of work in a physics context is quite different from how it is used in a person's daily life and is as follows:<ref name=Knight>R. D. Knight, "Work and Kinetic Energy" in ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach,'' 3nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, ch.11, sec.2 and 3, pp.278-301 </ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Work''' is the transfer of [[mechanical energy]] from one object to another. Since work is a movement of [[energy]], it is measured in the same units as energy: [[joule]]s (J).</onlyinclude> The definition of work in a physics context is quite different from how it is used in a person's daily life and is as follows:<ref name=Knight>R. D. Knight, "Work and Kinetic Energy" in ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach,'' 3nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, ch.11, sec.2 and 3, pp.278-301 </ref>

	<center>'''''Work is done when a [[force]] is applied to an object through a distance.'''''</center>		<center>'''''Work is done when a [[force]] is applied to an object through a distance.'''''</center>

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-08-29T01:47:22Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 20:05, 16 August 2017

2017-08-16T20:05:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:05, 16 August 2017
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]
	[[Category:3A_Energy_A_closer_look]]		[[Category:3A_Energy_A_closer_look]]
	[[Category:371_topics]]		[[Category:371_topics]]
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	All of the cases described so far of how work can affect a system can be summed up in a single equation:<ref name=Knight/>		All of the cases described so far of how work can affect a system can be summed up in a single equation:<ref name=Knight/>

	<center><m>W=\Delta K + \Delta U + \Delta E_{th}</m></center>		<center><math>W=\Delta K + \Delta U + \Delta E_{th}</math></center>

	What this equation says is that work (<m>W</m>) can change (<m>\Delta</m>) a system's: kinetic energy (<m>K</m>), potential energy (<m>U</m>), [[thermal energy]] (<m>E_{th}</m>), or any combination of the three.		What this equation says is that work (<math>W</math>) can change (<math>\Delta</math>) a system's: kinetic energy (<math>K</math>), potential energy (<math>U</math>), [[thermal energy]] (<math>E_{th}</math>), or any combination of the three.

	The actual work done can be calculated using the following formula:<ref>R. Nave. (2015, June. 21) ''Work'' Online. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/wcon.html</ref>		The actual work done can be calculated using the following formula:<ref>R. Nave. (2015, June. 21) ''Work'' Online. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/wcon.html</ref>

	<center><m>W = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{d}</m></center>		<center><math>W = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{d}</math></center>

	Where:		Where:

	*<m>W</m> is work, or a change in mechanical energy, measured in [[joule]]s (J)		*<math>W</math> is work, or a change in mechanical energy, measured in [[joule]]s (J)
	*<m>F</m> is force measured in [[newton]]s (N)		*<math>F</math> is force measured in [[newton]]s (N)
	*<m>d</m> is displacement of the object		*<math>d</math> is displacement of the object

	The arrows above force and displacement indicate that they are vectors. This means that they have an associated direction with them, which have important implications for how much work is done to an object. If both directions are the same, as they are in Figure 1, the system's energy will increase meaning positive work was done. If the directions are opposite, such as the force applied by [[friction]] and [[air drag]] to a moving car, the system's energy will decrease resulting in negative work done.		The arrows above force and displacement indicate that they are vectors. This means that they have an associated direction with them, which have important implications for how much work is done to an object. If both directions are the same, as they are in Figure 1, the system's energy will increase meaning positive work was done. If the directions are opposite, such as the force applied by [[friction]] and [[air drag]] to a moving car, the system's energy will decrease resulting in negative work done.

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:49Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
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J.williams at 17:00, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T17:00:36Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-07-01]]
[[Category:3A_Energy_A_closer_look]]
[[Category:371_topics]]
<onlyinclude>'''Work''' is the transfer of [[mechanical energy]] from one object to another. Since work is a change in [[energy]], it is measured in the same units as energy: [[joule]]s (J).</onlyinclude> The definition of work in a physics context is quite different from how it is used in a person's daily life and is as follows:<ref name=Knight>R. D. Knight, "Work and Kinetic Energy" in ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach,'' 3nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, ch.11, sec.2 and 3, pp.278-301 </ref>

<center>'''''Work is done when a [[force]] is applied to an object through a distance.'''''</center>

This means that when a force is applied to an object through a distance, the object's total energy will be affected. The object will either speed up or slow down, resulting in a change in its [[kinetic energy]] (seen in Figure 1), or it will have an altered [[potential energy]] if, for example, it was lifted a certain height under the force of [[gravity]].<ref name=Knight/>

[[File:pitching.jpg|800px|center|thumb|Figure 1. A pitcher does work on a baseball in order to increase its kinetic energy. His arm goes back as far as possible and then as forward as possible in order to maximize the distance the force was applied.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Baseball_pitching_motion_2004.jpg</ref>]]

Work also extends beyond what a person can physically see however; it can also affect the microscopic properties of a system, such as [[temperature]]. In 1843 this idea began to be explored by scientists,<ref>Hyperphysics, ''Mechanical equivalence of heat'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heat.html#c3</ref> and its results led to the formulation of what is now known as [[thermodynamics]]. Doing work on a system can affect its [[internal energy]], just like adding [[heat]] can; however the two are fundamentally different, and can be explored on the [[heat vs work]] page.

All of the cases described so far of how work can affect a system can be summed up in a single equation:<ref name=Knight/>

<center><m>W=\Delta K + \Delta U + \Delta E_{th}</m></center>

What this equation says is that work (<m>W</m>) can change (<m>\Delta</m>) a system's: kinetic energy (<m>K</m>), potential energy (<m>U</m>), [[thermal energy]] (<m>E_{th}</m>), or any combination of the three.

The actual work done can be calculated using the following formula:<ref>R. Nave. (2015, June. 21) ''Work'' Online. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/wcon.html</ref>

<center><m>W = \vec{F} \cdot \vec{d}</m></center>

Where:

*<m>W</m> is work, or a change in mechanical energy, measured in [[joule]]s (J)
*<m>F</m> is force measured in [[newton]]s (N)
*<m>d</m> is displacement of the object

The arrows above force and displacement indicate that they are vectors. This means that they have an associated direction with them, which have important implications for how much work is done to an object. If both directions are the same, as they are in Figure 1, the system's energy will increase meaning positive work was done. If the directions are opposite, such as the force applied by [[friction]] and [[air drag]] to a moving car, the system's energy will decrease resulting in negative work done.

In the physics sense, work is never something an object has. It is only something that one object does to another. Work changes the amount of mechanical and internal energy possessed by objects. When work is done '''on''' a system or object, energy is added to it. When work is done '''by''' a system or object, it gives some of its energy to something else.

Throwing a ball means a hand applies a force as an arm swings forward. By applying a force on the ball over this distance, the hand is doing work on the ball, and the ball gains [[kinetic energy]]. This is what gives it speed.

The mathematical relationships between total work and total energy are described by the [[work-energy theorem]] and [[conservation of energy]]. [[Simple machine]]s can change the amount of force that is necessary to move an object, but the force must be applied through a larger distance: they don't change the amount of work done.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]