Alkane: Difference between revisions

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<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is one of the four main types of [[hydrocarbon]]s. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes</ref>
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<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/> 


Alkanes are based on the formula <m>C_nH_{2n+2}</m>.
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*<m>C</m> is Carbon.
Alkanes have the molecular formula C<sub>'''''n'''''</sub>H<sub>2'''''n'''''+2</sub>, where:
*<m>H</m> is Hydrogen.
*C is Carbon.
*<m>n</m> refers to the number of [[molecule]]s.
*H is Hydrogen.
*'''''n''''' refers to the number of carbon [[atom]]s.


Many [[fossil fuel]]s like [[methane]] (<m>CH_4</m>), [[ethane]] (<m>C_2 H_6</m>), [[propane]] (<m>C_3 H_8</m>), [[butane]] (<m>C_4 H_{10}</m>) and [[octane]]  (<m>C_8 H_{18}</m>) are alkanes.
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The three simplest alkanes are [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>), [[ethane]] (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) and [[propane]] (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>) which contain one, two and three carbons respectively.<ref name=brown>T. L. Brown, J. H. E. LeMay, B. E. Bursten and C. J. Murphy. Woodward, Chemistry: the central science. - 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.</ref>


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<gallery mode = " packed" | caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" |align=left>
File:Methane-3D-vdW.png|300px|link=Methane|150px|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>
File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png|link=Ethane|200px|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png|link=Propane|250px|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
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</gallery>
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Alkanes can be recognized by their '''-ane''' suffix.
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When there are more than 3 carbons per alkane chain, there is a possibility of forming branched chains. The different arrangements of these branched chains will have different nomenclature, depending mainly on where they are branching from. Molecules that have the same molecular formula but with different molecular arrangements are called '''[[chemical isomer|structural isomers]]'''.<ref name=brown />
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[[Fossil fuel]]s are [[hydrocarbon]]s. Many of these fossil fuels include [[chemical]]s like [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>), [[ethane]] (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>), [[propane]] (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>), [[butane]] (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) and [[octane]]  (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>). All of these different components of [[gasoline]] and [[natural gas]] are alkanes.
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To learn more about alkanes, click [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes here].
To learn more about alkanes, click [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes here].


 
==References== <!--T:10-->
==References==
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Revision as of 01:46, 29 August 2017

<translate> An alkane is a type of hydrocarbon that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but hydrogen and carbon.[1] Alkanes can also be referred to as saturated hydrocarbons since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.[2]

Alkanes have the molecular formula CnH2n+2, where:

  • C is Carbon.
  • H is Hydrogen.
  • n refers to the number of carbon atoms.

The three simplest alkanes are methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8) which contain one, two and three carbons respectively.[2]



Alkanes can be recognized by their -ane suffix.

When there are more than 3 carbons per alkane chain, there is a possibility of forming branched chains. The different arrangements of these branched chains will have different nomenclature, depending mainly on where they are branching from. Molecules that have the same molecular formula but with different molecular arrangements are called structural isomers.[2]

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons. Many of these fossil fuels include chemicals like methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10) and octane (C8H18). All of these different components of gasoline and natural gas are alkanes.

To learn more about alkanes, click here.

References

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  1. “Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 T. L. Brown, J. H. E. LeMay, B. E. Bursten and C. J. Murphy. Woodward, Chemistry: the central science. - 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.
  3. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png
  4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png
  5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png

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