Natural gas vehicle: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Honda_Civic_GX_CNG_WAS_2012_0823.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Figure 1. Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/2012_Honda_Civic_GX_CNG_WAS_2012_0823.JPG</ref>]] | |||
<onlyinclude>'''Natural gas vehicles''' or '''NGVs''' are an [[alternative fuel vehicle]] that use '''[[natural gas]]''' as [[fuel]] rather than the typical [[gasoline]] or [[diesel]].</onlyinclude> Other alternative vehicles include [[fuel cell#Use of fuel cells|fuel cell vehicle]]s and [[electric vehicle]]s. | |||
NGVs were first manufactured in United States during the 1930s. They were used during World War II in Europe and interest for these vehicles rose during the early 1950s.<ref>Random History. (Accessed August 31, 2015). ''Natural Gas & Transportation The History of Natural Gas Vehicles'' [Online], Available: http://www.randomhistory.com/2008/09/08_ngv.html</ref> Today [[natural gas refueling stations]] are located in five provinces across Canada and are usually found in near proximity of existing retail gasoline station.<ref name=CNGV/> | |||
When comparing [[Alternative fuel vehicle|natural gas versus other fuels]], NGVs usually have:<ref>Southern California Gas Company. (Accessed August 31, 2015). ''Comparing natural gas vs. other fuels'' [Online], Available: http://www.socalgas.com/innovation/natural-gas-vehicles/policy/fuel-comparison.shtml</ref> | |||
When comparing [[Alternative fuel vehicle|natural gas versus other fuels]], NGVs usually have:<ref>Southern California Gas Company. | |||
* Lower cost than gasoline and diesel | * Lower cost than gasoline and diesel | ||
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==Natural gas vehicle technologies== | ==Natural gas vehicle technologies== | ||
These lower emission vehicles are available in many types (highway tractors, transit/school buses, off-road, light). Canadian companies offer three types of engine technologies for natural gas vehicles:<ref name=CNGV>Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance, | These lower emission vehicles are available in many types (highway tractors, transit/school buses, off-road, light). Canadian companies offer three types of engine technologies for natural gas vehicles:<ref name=CNGV>Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance. (Accessed August 31, 2015). ''Vehicles & Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cngva.org/en/home/vehicles-stations.aspx</ref> | ||
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# [[Natural gas vehicle fuel storage#Compressed natural gas|Compressed natural gas]] (CNG) is stored under high pressure of 3,000 [[psig]] to 3,600 psig and historically, being the most attractive natural gas fuel. The high-pressure pose safety concerns in design of these vehicles.<ref name=CNGV/> | # [[Natural gas vehicle fuel storage#Compressed natural gas|Compressed natural gas]] (CNG) is stored under high pressure of 3,000 [[psig]] to 3,600 psig and historically, being the most attractive natural gas fuel. The high-pressure pose safety concerns in design of these vehicles.<ref name=CNGV/> | ||
# [[Natural gas vehicle fuel storage#Liquefied Natural Gas|Liquefied natural gas]] (LNG) is usually stored at -160°C and is best suited for heavy-duty vehicles and natural gas transportation overseas.<ref name=CNGV/> | # [[Natural gas vehicle fuel storage#Liquefied Natural Gas|Liquefied natural gas]] (LNG) is usually stored at -160°C and is best suited for heavy-duty vehicles and natural gas transportation overseas.<ref name=CNGV/> | ||
# [[Natural gas vehicle fuel storage#Adsorbed natural gas|Adsorbed natural gas]] is stored at a lower pressure of 500 psig to 600 psig in which natural gas is adsorbed by a porous adsorbent. However, there are some technical challenges, which includes the adsorbent (activated carbon) development or deliverability capacity of the gas from the adsorbent.<ref>R.W Judd. | # [[Natural gas vehicle fuel storage#Adsorbed natural gas|Adsorbed natural gas]] is stored at a lower pressure of 500 psig to 600 psig in which natural gas is adsorbed by a porous adsorbent. However, there are some technical challenges, which includes the adsorbent (activated carbon) development or deliverability capacity of the gas from the adsorbent.<ref>R.W Judd. (Accessed August 31, 2015). ''The Use of Adsorbed Natural Gas Technology for Large Scale Storage'' [Online], Available: http://web.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprint%20archive/Files/43_3_BOSTON_08-98_0575.pdf</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Uploaded]] | [[Category:Uploaded]] | ||
Revision as of 16:51, 3 September 2015
Figure 1. Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle.[1]
Natural gas vehicles or NGVs are an alternative fuel vehicle that use natural gas as fuel rather than the typical gasoline or diesel. Other alternative vehicles include fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles.
NGVs were first manufactured in United States during the 1930s. They were used during World War II in Europe and interest for these vehicles rose during the early 1950s.[2] Today natural gas refueling stations are located in five provinces across Canada and are usually found in near proximity of existing retail gasoline station.[3]
When comparing natural gas versus other fuels, NGVs usually have:[4]
- Lower cost than gasoline and diesel
- High performance similar to diesel or gasoline powered vehicles
- Secure and long lasting fuel supply
Please see GHGs for AFVs to see how greenhouse gas emissions compare, and comparing gasoline, diesel, natural gas, and electricity prices.
Natural gas vehicle technologies
These lower emission vehicles are available in many types (highway tractors, transit/school buses, off-road, light). Canadian companies offer three types of engine technologies for natural gas vehicles:[3]
| Technology | Description | Type of Vehicle |
|---|---|---|
| Spark Ignited Natural Gas Engine | Engine in which combustion occurs when air-fuel mixture is ignited by spark |
Medium/Heavy Duty Highway Tractor, Bus, Truck |
| Compression Cycle Engine for Natural Gas with Diesel Pilot ignition |
Injection of small amount diesel into engine to trigger combustion by natural gas to achieve higher efficiency |
Heavy Duty Highway Tractor |
| Fuel Injection Conversion Kit | Kits used to retrofit a regular gasoline engine so that the vehicle can also operate using natural gas |
Light Duty Vehicle |
NGVs are available from North American manufacturers such as General Motors (GM) and Ford, and conversion kits are available for existing conventional cars. GM offers full-sized compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled vans for fleet customers. Ford offers many CNG ready chassis body for aftermarket conversion. Conversion kits are commercially available from Canadian companies (energyeducation.ca has no opinion on these companies).[3]
Natural gas fuels
There are three types of natural gas fuels including compressed, liquefied, and adsorbed natural gas.
- Compressed natural gas (CNG) is stored under high pressure of 3,000 psig to 3,600 psig and historically, being the most attractive natural gas fuel. The high-pressure pose safety concerns in design of these vehicles.[3]
- Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is usually stored at -160°C and is best suited for heavy-duty vehicles and natural gas transportation overseas.[3]
- Adsorbed natural gas is stored at a lower pressure of 500 psig to 600 psig in which natural gas is adsorbed by a porous adsorbent. However, there are some technical challenges, which includes the adsorbent (activated carbon) development or deliverability capacity of the gas from the adsorbent.[5]
References
- ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/2012_Honda_Civic_GX_CNG_WAS_2012_0823.JPG
- ↑ Random History. (Accessed August 31, 2015). Natural Gas & Transportation The History of Natural Gas Vehicles [Online], Available: http://www.randomhistory.com/2008/09/08_ngv.html
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance. (Accessed August 31, 2015). Vehicles & Stations [Online]. Available: http://www.cngva.org/en/home/vehicles-stations.aspx
- ↑ Southern California Gas Company. (Accessed August 31, 2015). Comparing natural gas vs. other fuels [Online], Available: http://www.socalgas.com/innovation/natural-gas-vehicles/policy/fuel-comparison.shtml
- ↑ R.W Judd. (Accessed August 31, 2015). The Use of Adsorbed Natural Gas Technology for Large Scale Storage [Online], Available: http://web.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprint%20archive/Files/43_3_BOSTON_08-98_0575.pdf
