Energy Education

Propane: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Propane tank.jpg|thumbnail|Figure 1. A standard propane storage tank]]
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[[File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png|thumbnail|right|200px|Figure 1. Space-filling model of a propane molecule. The black spheres represent carbon and the white spheres represent hydrogen<ref>Ben Mills. (2014, Dec. 12). ''Propane-3D-vdW-B'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png#mediaviewer/File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Propane''' is an [[alkane]] with the chemical formula C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>. As a type of [[hydrocarbon]], it can undergo [[hydrocarbon combustion]], which gives off [[heat]]. Propane is one of the [[hydrocarbon]] components of raw [[natural gas]], which is a type of [[fossil fuel]].</onlyinclude><ref>“NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]</ref> Propane is usually removed from natural gas before being shipped to customers, but is also sold separately as a [[fuel]] on its own.


<onlyinclude>'''Propane''' is a [[hydrocarbon]] with the chemical formula C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>.</onlyinclude> When propane is used and burned, it is in its [[gas]]eous state, but propane is often stored in tanks such as the one shown in the image to the right as a [[liquefied petroleum gas]]. It has the highest [[energy density]] of any hydrocarbon apart from [[methane]].<ref name=chemical/> Propane is a hydrocarbon frequently used in domestic settings, seen in appliances such as barbecues, patio heaters, and camping stoves.
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[[File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png|thumbnail|right|Figure 2. Chemical model of a propane molecule<ref>Ben Mills. (2014, Dec. 12). ''Propane-3D-vdW-B'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png#mediaviewer/File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png</ref>]]
[[File:Propane tank.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Figure 2. A standard propane storage tank.<ref>''Personal photo submitted by a member of the Energy Education team.''</ref>]]


Propane releases its [[chemical energy]] by undergoing [[combustion]]. To see a simulation which shows how propane combines with [[oxygen]], see the simulation at the bottom of the page.
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==Properties==
Propane is normally in a [[gas]]eous state during consumption. However, it is normally stored as a [[liquefied propane gas]] in tanks such as the one shown in Figure 2. 
Propane has one of the highest [[energy density|energy densities]] (50.3 MJ/kg) of any hydrocarbon, second only to [[methane]].<ref name=chemical/>
 
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Propane is a hydrocarbon commonly used in domestic settings. It is normally seen in appliances such as [[barbecue]]s, patio [[heater]]s, and [[camping stove]]s.
 
==Properties== <!--T:5-->
 
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Below is a table of some of the basic properties of propane.
Below is a table of some of the basic properties of propane.
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| Chemical formula || C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
| Chemical formula || C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
|-
|-
| Atomic mass || 44.1 [[kilogram|gram]]s/[[mole]]
| Molecular Mass || 44.1 [[kilogram|gram]]s/[[mole]]
|-
|-
| Energy density || 50.3 MJ/kg<ref name=chemical>(2014, Jul. 1). ''Chemical Potential Energy'' [Online]. Available: http://physics.info/energy-chemical/</ref>
| Energy density || 50.3 MJ/kg<ref name=chemical>(2014, Jul. 1). ''Chemical Potential Energy'' [Online]. Available: http://physics.info/energy-chemical/</ref>
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|}


==Combustion Animation==
==Combustion Reaction== <!--T:8-->
Propane is used as a combustible fuel. Below is an animation showing the net reaction that occurs during the [[hydrocarbon combustion]] of propane.  
 
<html><iframe src='http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_propane.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>
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Propane releases its [[chemical energy]] by undergoing [[hydrocarbon combustion]]. Below is a [[hydrocarbon combustion]] animation showing the net reaction that occurs when propane combines with [[oxygen]].  
 
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<center> C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> + 5O<sub>2</sub> → 3CO<sub>2</sub> + 4H<sub>2</sub>O + Heat Energy ([[Enthalpy]]) </center>
 
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<html><iframe src='https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_propane.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>
 
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The [[hydrocarbon combustion]] reaction releases heat [[energy]] and is an example of an [[exothermic reaction]]. The reaction also has a negative [[enthalpy]] change (ΔH) value. 
 
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==For Further Reading==
*[[Hydrocarbon]]
*[[Hydrocarbon combustion]]
*[[Chemical energy]]
*[[Chemical bond]]
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]
 
==References==
==References==
<languages />
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]
[[Category:Uploaded]]

Revision as of 21:10, 24 June 2018

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Figure 1. Space-filling model of a propane molecule. The black spheres represent carbon and the white spheres represent hydrogen[1]

Propane is an alkane with the chemical formula C3H8. As a type of hydrocarbon, it can undergo hydrocarbon combustion, which gives off heat. Propane is one of the hydrocarbon components of raw natural gas, which is a type of fossil fuel.[2] Propane is usually removed from natural gas before being shipped to customers, but is also sold separately as a fuel on its own.

Figure 2. A standard propane storage tank.[3]

Propane is normally in a gaseous state during consumption. However, it is normally stored as a liquefied propane gas in tanks such as the one shown in Figure 2. Propane has one of the highest energy densities (50.3 MJ/kg) of any hydrocarbon, second only to methane.[4]

Propane is a hydrocarbon commonly used in domestic settings. It is normally seen in appliances such as barbecues, patio heaters, and camping stoves.

Properties

Below is a table of some of the basic properties of propane.

Chemical formula C3H8
Molecular Mass 44.1 grams/mole
Energy density 50.3 MJ/kg[4]
Melting Point -190oC[5]
Boiling Point -42oC[5]

Combustion Reaction

Propane releases its chemical energy by undergoing hydrocarbon combustion. Below is a hydrocarbon combustion animation showing the net reaction that occurs when propane combines with oxygen.

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O + Heat Energy (Enthalpy)

The hydrocarbon combustion reaction releases heat energy and is an example of an exothermic reaction. The reaction also has a negative enthalpy change (ΔH) value.

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For Further Reading

References

<languages />

  1. ↑ Ben Mills. (2014, Dec. 12). Propane-3D-vdW-B [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png#mediaviewer/File:Propane-3D-vdW-B.png
  2. ↑ “NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]
  3. ↑ Personal photo submitted by a member of the Energy Education team.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 (2014, Jul. 1). Chemical Potential Energy [Online]. Available: http://physics.info/energy-chemical/
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 (2015, Jan. 29). Boiling Points and Structures of Hydrocarbons [Online]. Available: [http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html
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