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| [[Category:Done 2015-07-24]] | | #REDIRECT [[Midstream oil and gas industry]] |
| <onlyinclude>'''Midstream industry''' is the portion of the [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] industry that is responsible for the processing, storage, and transportation of products such as [[crude oil]], [[natural gas]], [[liquefied natural gas|natural gas liquids]], and [[sulfur]].</onlyinclude><ref>PSAC. (June 11, 2015). ''Industry Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://www.psac.ca/business/industry-overview/</ref> Midstream industry is responsible for linking far-spread [[petroleum]] producing areas and population centers where consumers are located. Transmission [[pipeline]] companies are included in the midstream petroleum industry. Additionally, in Canada [[oil sands]] upgrading is a part of midstream industry.
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| [[File:oilind.png|400px|framed|center|Figure 1. Representation of [[upstream industry|upstream]], midstream, and [[downstream industry|downstream]] industry.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.''</ref>]] | |
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| The different sectors included in midstream industry are:<ref>Careers in Oil and Gas. (June 12, 2015). ''Midstream Petroleum Industry'' [Online]. Available: http://www.careersinoilandgas.com/build-your-career/about-the-industry/industry-overview/midstream-petroleum-industry.aspx#.VXrw389Viko</ref>
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| * Pipelines
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| * Transportation
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| * [[Oil refinery|Upgraders and refineries]]
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| ==Environmental Impacts==
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| There are several environmental impacts that can be connected to various midstream petroleum activities. The most apparent impacts are the ones associated with the transportation of goods. Since the midstream industry relies heavily on [[fossil fuel]]s to transport oil and gas, there is an associated reduction in [[air quality]] and increase in [[greenhouse gas]] [[emission]]s. These greenhouse gas emissions include [[methane]] (the main component of natural gas) and [[carbon dioxide]]. Additionally, there is a higher risk of accidental leaks, spills, and explosions from pipelines, railroads, and ship tankers used to transport petroleum products that can harm the environment.<ref>Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. (June 12, 2015). ''Oil and Gas Midstream Research Brief'' [Online]. Available: http://www.sasb.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/NR0102_OG_Midstream_2014_06_24_Industry_Brief.pdf</ref> As well, the development of infrastructure necessary to make this possible disturbs wildlife habitats.
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| ==Interactive Graphs==
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| For an interactive graph showing what pollutants arise from midstream oil industry click [http://energyeducation.ca/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=SOX&source=Industrial_Sources#Detailed_Source_Data here]. Note that on these graphs the midstream oil industry is actually called '''petroleum product transportation and distribution''' to remain consistent with what the data source provided. The values can be compared as well to emissions from downstream and upstream industry (they are actually quite small, comparatively). The pollutant being looked at is automatically set to sulfur oxides, but try changing the pollutant to nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, or carbon monoxide!
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:Uploaded]] | |
