Sub-bituminous coal: Difference between revisions
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[[File:8512397381_745074acb0_m.jpg|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. Lump of black lignite or sub-bituminous coal.<ref>James St. John. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite Coal''. Available: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/8512397381/</ref>]] | [[File:8512397381_745074acb0_m.jpg|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. Lump of black lignite or sub-bituminous coal.<ref>James St. John. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite Coal''. Available: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/8512397381/</ref>]] | ||
<onlyinclude>'''Sub-bituminous coal''' or '''black lignite''' is a grey-black or dark brown | [[Coal]] is a rock made of almost pure carbon. The coal in different deposits have different compositions, therefore, coal is classified in [[coal types|various categories]]. <onlyinclude>'''Sub-bituminous coal''' or '''black lignite''' is a category of coal which appears as grey-black or dark brown. It ranges from hard to soft as it represents an intermediate stage between low quality [[lignite]] and higher quality [[bituminous coal]].</onlyinclude> The [[carbon]] content of sub-bituminous coal varies from 70-76%.<ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 13, 2015). ''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> Sub-bituminous coals are among the younger coals geologically and are approximately 251 million years old, with an [[energy density]] that ranges from 18-23 [[joule|MJ]]/[[kilogram|kg]]<ref name ="table">P. Breeze, Coal-Fired Generation. Elsevier Science, 2015.</ref>. This type of coal is among the most common, with 30% of coal resources being sub-bituminous.<ref name="RE1"/> | ||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
Sub-bituminous coal is used in generating steam for the production of [[electricity]], and | Sub-bituminous coal is used in generating steam for the production of [[electricity]], and thus frequently used in power plants.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Sub-Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Sub-Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref> Moreover, sub-bituminous coal can be [[Coal liquefaction|liquefied]] and converted into [[petroleum]] and [[gas]].<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 13, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> | ||
The use of this coal can lead to hazardous [[emissions]], particularly of harmful smoke, soot, [[sulfur]] oxides ([[SOx]]), [[nitrogen]] oxides ([[NOx]]), and [[mercury]]. However, burning the coal at higher [[temperature]]s reduces the amount of [[carbon monoxide]] that is released.<ref name="RE1"/> | The use of this coal can lead to hazardous [[emissions]], particularly of harmful smoke, soot, [[sulfur]] oxides ([[SOx]]), [[nitrogen]] oxides ([[NOx]]), and [[mercury]]. However, burning the coal at higher [[temperature]]s reduces the amount of [[carbon monoxide]] that is released.<ref name="RE1"/> | ||
==For Further Reading== | |||
*[[Carbon]] | |||
*[[Fossil fuel formation]] | |||
*[[Hydrocarbon combustion]] | |||
*[[Coal types]] | |||
*[[Greenhouse gas emission]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Uploaded]] | [[Category:Uploaded]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:13, 21 July 2018
Figure 1. Lump of black lignite or sub-bituminous coal.[1]
Coal is a rock made of almost pure carbon. The coal in different deposits have different compositions, therefore, coal is classified in various categories. Sub-bituminous coal or black lignite is a category of coal which appears as grey-black or dark brown. It ranges from hard to soft as it represents an intermediate stage between low quality lignite and higher quality bituminous coal. The carbon content of sub-bituminous coal varies from 70-76%.[2] Sub-bituminous coals are among the younger coals geologically and are approximately 251 million years old, with an energy density that ranges from 18-23 MJ/kg[3]. This type of coal is among the most common, with 30% of coal resources being sub-bituminous.[4]
Uses
Sub-bituminous coal is used in generating steam for the production of electricity, and thus frequently used in power plants.[4] Moreover, sub-bituminous coal can be liquefied and converted into petroleum and gas.[5]
The use of this coal can lead to hazardous emissions, particularly of harmful smoke, soot, sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury. However, burning the coal at higher temperatures reduces the amount of carbon monoxide that is released.[4]
For Further Reading
References
- ↑ James St. John. (May 13, 2015). Lignite Coal. Available: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/8512397381/
- ↑ J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 13, 2015). Energy and the Environment, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006
- ↑ P. Breeze, Coal-Fired Generation. Elsevier Science, 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). Sub-Bituminous Coal [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Sub-Bituminous-Coal.htm
- ↑ Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 13, 2015). Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage, 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014