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<onlyinclude>The '''liquified natural gas industry''' refers to the production, trade, and consumption of natural gas. While [[oil]] has been traded globally for decades, [[natural gas]] has tended to remain within its continent of origin.</onlyinclude> This means that different continents have had very different prices for natural gas. [[Liquefied natural gas]] (LNG) has started to change this process. There has been significant growth of the LNG market <ref name=Exporters>J. Clemente, "LNG importance lifts concern about delivery-system security," Oil & Gas Journal., vol. 109, no. 14, April 4, 2011.</ref> in recent years, largely in the countries with the largest markets. However, in order to meet the continuous increase of LNG demand, many regions have pursued in LNG export activities to diversify gas supply.
<onlyinclude>The '''liquified natural gas industry''' refers to the production, trade, and consumption of natural gas. While [[oil]] has been traded globally for decades, [[natural gas]] has tended to remain within its continent of origin.</onlyinclude> This means that different continents have had very different prices for natural gas. [[Liquefied natural gas]] (LNG) has started to change this process. There has been significant growth of the LNG market <ref name=Exporters>J. Clemente, "LNG importance lifts concern about delivery-system security," Oil & Gas Journal., vol. 109, no. 14, April 4, 2011.</ref> in recent years, largely in the countries with the largest markets. However, in order to meet the continuous increase of LNG demand, many regions have pursued in LNG export activities to diversify gas supply.
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Regional imbalances in the availability of natural gas have been creating differences in how much natural gas costs. This leads naturally to how much natural gas is used and for what it gets used for ([[electricity]], [[home heating]], cooking, etc.).  
Regional imbalances in the availability of natural gas have been creating differences in how much natural gas costs. This leads naturally to how much natural gas is used and for what it gets used for ([[electricity]], [[home heating]], cooking, etc.).  


This inequality has lead to LNG having the opportunity to grow tremendously, see figure 1a. As existing regions continue to grow their natural gas consumption, and developing regions begin to consume greater quantities of gas themselves, the production of LNG is forecasted to rise 4.3% per year.<ref name=BP> BP plc., "BP Energy Outlook 2030," Jnauary 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/statistical-review/BP_World_Energy_Outlook_booklet_2013.pdf. [Accessed 26 October 2013]</ref> Most of Russia’s exports are imported by Europe.<ref name=BP/> By 2030, LNG will account for 15.5% of the total gas consumption as shown in the figure 1a.<ref name=BP/> As worldwide trade of natural gas in the form of LNG rises, the need for new infrastructure will rise as well. Both regasification terminals and liquefaction plants will need to be built or scaled up for increased capacity. The figure 1b shows the historical and forecasted growth of infrastructure from 1990 to 2020.
This inequality has lead to LNG having tremendous growth recently, and potentially into the future, see figure 1a. As existing regions continue to grow their natural gas consumption, and developing regions begin to consume greater quantities of gas themselves, the production of LNG is forecasted to rise 4.3% per year.<ref name=BP> BP plc., "BP Energy Outlook 2030," January 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/statistical-review/BP_World_Energy_Outlook_booklet_2013.pdf. [Accessed 26 October 2013]</ref> Most of Russia’s exports are imported by Europe.<ref name=BP/> By 2030, LNG will account for 15.5% of the total gas consumption as shown in the figure 1a.<ref name=BP/> As worldwide trade of natural gas in the form of LNG rises, the need for new infrastructure will rise as well. Both regasification terminals and liquefaction plants will need to be built or scaled up for increased capacity. The figure 1b shows the historical and forecasted growth of infrastructure from 1990 to 2020.


[[File:LNG 2graphs.png|900x450px|framed|center|Figure 1a. Forecasted LNG exports – Source: <ref name=BP/>, Figure 1b. Historical and forecasted LNG infrastructure – Source:<ref name=BP/>]]
[[File:LNG 2graphs.png|775px|thumb|center|Figure 1a. Forecasted LNG exports – Source: <ref name=BP/>, Figure 1b. Historical and forecasted LNG infrastructure – Source:<ref name=BP/>]]


== Selected specific markets ==
== Selected specific markets ==
There are many other LNG markets in the world, here are a couple of interest.
There are many other LNG markets in the world, here are a couple of interest.
===Asia Market===
===Asia Market===
The current LNG imports by Asian regions accounts for 60% of the global LNG trade, with the two key drivers being Japan and India.<ref name=Key>PennEnergy, "Expert say shale gas could impact Asian LNG market," PennEnergy. June 14, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.pennenergy.com/articles/pennenergy/2013/10/experts-say-shale-gas-could-impact-asian-lng-market.html [Accessed 18 October 2013].</ref>
The current LNG imports by Asian regions accounts for 60% of the global LNG trade, with Japan and India importing the most LNG in Asia.<ref name=Key>PennEnergy, "Expert say shale gas could impact Asian LNG market," PennEnergy. June 14, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.pennenergy.com/articles/pennenergy/2013/10/experts-say-shale-gas-could-impact-asian-lng-market.html [Accessed 18 October 2013].</ref>


LNG import remains strong in Japan because of the [[Fukushima disaster]] in 2011, which have has lead the government to shut down many of the nuclear plants and has increased Japan's natural gas demand. Japan's largest LNG suppliers are Indonesia and Malaysia, with a substantial supply coming from Qatar and Australia.<ref name=Supply>U.S. Department of Energy, "Liquefied Natural Gas: Understanding the Basic Facts," 2005.</ref>
LNG import remains particularly strong in Japan because of the [[Fukushima disaster]] in 2011, which lead the government to shut down the nuclear plants, which dramatically increased Japan's natural gas demand. Japan's largest LNG suppliers are Indonesia and Malaysia, with a substantial supply coming from Qatar and Australia.<ref name=Supply>U.S. Department of Energy, "Liquefied Natural Gas: Understanding the Basic Facts," 2005.</ref>


Russia, one of the world's largest energy supplier, is becoming one of Asia LNG exporters to meet the growing demand. Russia currently has an LNG plant located on Sakhalin Island off the country's East Coast that provides an annual capacity of 10 million tonnes.<ref name=Russia>V, Soldatkin, "Russia's Putin offers more tax incentives for Yamal LNG," Reuters. October 21, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/russia-gas-tax-idUSL5N0IB0DJ20131021 [Accessed 20 October 2013].</ref>
Russia, one of the world's largest energy supplier, is becoming one of Asia LNG exporters to meet the growing demand. Russia currently has an LNG plant located on Sakhalin Island off the country's East Coast that provides an annual capacity of 10 million tonnes.<ref name=Russia>V, Soldatkin, "Russia's Putin offers more tax incentives for Yamal LNG," Reuters. October 21, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/russia-gas-tax-idUSL5N0IB0DJ20131021 [Accessed 20 October 2013].</ref>
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==== Export Terminal ====
==== Export Terminal ====
As of August 2014, Canada does not have any LNG export terminal. A joint venture comprised of Apache Canada Ltd. and Chevron Canada is proposing to build and operate a LNG export terminal in Kitimat, British Columbia.<ref name=Kitimat>Kitimat LNG, "Project Description," 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.kitimatlngfacility.com/Project/project_description.aspx [Accessed 20 October 2013].</ref>
As of November 2015, Canada does not have any LNG export terminal<ref>NRCan "Canadian LNG projects" 2014, [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/natural-gas/5683 [Accessed 8 November 2015]. Searching through relevant sources showed that no change has happened since that report was written in 2014</ref>. The Canadian National Energy Board is currently reviewing a number of applications to put these into place, please see [https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/lngxprtlcnc/index-eng.html LNG Export and Import Licence Applications] for up to date information on the status of these applications.
 
The Kitimat LNG will include LNG liquefaction, storage and marine on-loading facilities to supply the Asia-Pacific region. This $4.5 billion liquefaction plant and marine terminal is in partnership with Pacific Trail Pipelines Ltd. to transport natural gas directly from Summit Lake in north central BC to Kitimat LNG terminal.<ref name="Kitimat" /> It is proposed that the plant will produce 5 million [[tonne]]s of LNG annual (or equivalently 700 million cubic feet of natural gas per day).<ref name=Kit>Canaport LNG LP, "Canaport LNG FAQs," 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.canaportlng.com/faqs.php. [Accessed 21 October 2013].</ref> The project constructions planned to start in 2013, with commercial operation in late 2016.
 
The economic benefits of the Kitimat LNG project is to create long term stability of exporting Canadian LNG to Asia markets.  This will also generate significant number of job opportunities in the regions. There are also deep environmental concerns in the region, which have lead to heated debate.


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 20:09, 8 November 2015

The liquified natural gas industry refers to the production, trade, and consumption of natural gas. While oil has been traded globally for decades, natural gas has tended to remain within its continent of origin. This means that different continents have had very different prices for natural gas. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has started to change this process. There has been significant growth of the LNG market [1] in recent years, largely in the countries with the largest markets. However, in order to meet the continuous increase of LNG demand, many regions have pursued in LNG export activities to diversify gas supply.

Worldwide Demand

Regional imbalances in the availability of natural gas have been creating differences in how much natural gas costs. This leads naturally to how much natural gas is used and for what it gets used for (electricity, home heating, cooking, etc.).

This inequality has lead to LNG having tremendous growth recently, and potentially into the future, see figure 1a. As existing regions continue to grow their natural gas consumption, and developing regions begin to consume greater quantities of gas themselves, the production of LNG is forecasted to rise 4.3% per year.[2] Most of Russia’s exports are imported by Europe.[2] By 2030, LNG will account for 15.5% of the total gas consumption as shown in the figure 1a.[2] As worldwide trade of natural gas in the form of LNG rises, the need for new infrastructure will rise as well. Both regasification terminals and liquefaction plants will need to be built or scaled up for increased capacity. The figure 1b shows the historical and forecasted growth of infrastructure from 1990 to 2020.

Figure 1a. Forecasted LNG exports – Source: [2], Figure 1b. Historical and forecasted LNG infrastructure – Source:[2]

Selected specific markets

There are many other LNG markets in the world, here are a couple of interest.

Asia Market

The current LNG imports by Asian regions accounts for 60% of the global LNG trade, with Japan and India importing the most LNG in Asia.[3]

LNG import remains particularly strong in Japan because of the Fukushima disaster in 2011, which lead the government to shut down the nuclear plants, which dramatically increased Japan's natural gas demand. Japan's largest LNG suppliers are Indonesia and Malaysia, with a substantial supply coming from Qatar and Australia.[4]

Russia, one of the world's largest energy supplier, is becoming one of Asia LNG exporters to meet the growing demand. Russia currently has an LNG plant located on Sakhalin Island off the country's East Coast that provides an annual capacity of 10 million tonnes.[5]

Canada Market

Canada is a new entrant in the global LNG industry with limited export and import facilities implemented. At the present time, there are more than 10 proposed LNG projects in British Columbia for economic development.[6]

Import Terminal

Canada currently has one operational LNG located in Saint John, New Brunswick. Canaport LNG is an import terminal that receives and regasifies LNG, which transports natural gas to both Canadian and US markets via the Brunswick Pipeline.[6]

Due to the current economic decline, combined with a decrease in U.S. demand for natural gas, there is a reduced need for LNG exports to the United States. Canaport is currently debating conversion to an export terminal for this reason.

Export Terminal

As of November 2015, Canada does not have any LNG export terminal[7]. The Canadian National Energy Board is currently reviewing a number of applications to put these into place, please see LNG Export and Import Licence Applications for up to date information on the status of these applications.

References

  1. ↑ J. Clemente, "LNG importance lifts concern about delivery-system security," Oil & Gas Journal., vol. 109, no. 14, April 4, 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 BP plc., "BP Energy Outlook 2030," January 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/statistical-review/BP_World_Energy_Outlook_booklet_2013.pdf. [Accessed 26 October 2013]
  3. ↑ PennEnergy, "Expert say shale gas could impact Asian LNG market," PennEnergy. June 14, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.pennenergy.com/articles/pennenergy/2013/10/experts-say-shale-gas-could-impact-asian-lng-market.html [Accessed 18 October 2013].
  4. ↑ U.S. Department of Energy, "Liquefied Natural Gas: Understanding the Basic Facts," 2005.
  5. ↑ V, Soldatkin, "Russia's Putin offers more tax incentives for Yamal LNG," Reuters. October 21, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/russia-gas-tax-idUSL5N0IB0DJ20131021 [Accessed 20 October 2013].
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 S. Steilo, "Province opens door to Asian investment in LNG," 2013. [Online] Available: http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2013-2017/2013MNGD0016-001517.htm [Accessed 20 October 2013].
  7. ↑ NRCan "Canadian LNG projects" 2014, [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/natural-gas/5683 [Accessed 8 November 2015]. Searching through relevant sources showed that no change has happened since that report was written in 2014
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