Force: Difference between revisions
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[[category:physics concepts]] | [[category:physics concepts]] | ||
[[Category:Done | [[Category:Done 2021-10-29]] | ||
[[Category:Translated to French]] | [[Category:Translated to French]] | ||
[[fr:Force]] | [[fr:Force]] | ||
<onlyinclude>A '''force''' is an interaction between objects - a push or pull. | [[Category:Translated to Spanish]] | ||
[[es:Fuerza]] | |||
<onlyinclude>A '''force''' is an interaction between objects - a push or pull. This interaction has the ability to make an object speed up, slow down, change direction or change its shape.<ref>R. Chabay and B. Sherwood, "The Momentum Principle," in Matter & Interactions, 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011, ch.2, sec.2, pp. 50</ref></onlyinclude> Force is conventionally measured in [[units]] of [[newton]]s (N) or [[pound]]s (lbs). | |||
Exerting a force over some distance represents a specific transfer of [[energy]] also known as [[work]]: | Exerting a force over some distance represents a specific transfer of [[energy]] also known as [[work]]: | ||
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Where <math>W</math> is work, <math>\vec{F}</math> is the force, <math>\vec{d}</math> is the amount of distance the force acts over and <math>\theta</math> is the angle between the two.<ref>If the force is changing over the distance than calculus is required and <math>W=\int{\vec{F}\cdot d\vec{x}}</math></ref> | Where <math>W</math> is work, <math>\vec{F}</math> is the force, <math>\vec{d}</math> is the amount of distance the force acts over and <math>\theta</math> is the angle between the two.<ref>If the force is changing over the distance than calculus is required and <math>W=\int{\vec{F}\cdot d\vec{x}}</math></ref> | ||
[[Field]]s ([[electric field]]s, [[magnetic field]]s, [[gravitational field]]s) are spatial regions that exert forces on objects.<ref name=Knight>R. D. Knight, "The concept of a field" in ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach,'' 2nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, pp. 806</ref> The position of objects within these fields determines an object's [[potential energy]]. When an object is pushed opposite to a field (rocket flying upwards, against gravity), the object gains potential energy. An object that moves with a field loses potential energy and gains [[kinetic energy]] (or [[thermal energy]]). When forces move between potential and kinetic energy, the system is conserving [[mechanical energy]]. For example, if you roll a ball down a hill, the ball starts | [[Field]]s ([[electric field]]s, [[magnetic field]]s, [[gravitational field]]s) are spatial regions that exert forces on objects.<ref name=Knight>R. D. Knight, "The concept of a field" in ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach,'' 2nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, pp. 806</ref> The position of objects within these fields determines an object's [[potential energy]]. When an object is pushed opposite to a field (rocket flying upwards, against gravity), the object gains potential energy. An object that moves with a field loses potential energy and gains [[kinetic energy]] (or [[thermal energy]]). When forces move between potential and kinetic energy, the system is conserving [[mechanical energy]]. For example, if you roll a ball down a hill, the ball starts with potential energy, and as it rolls downward, it exchanges its potential energy with kinetic energy. If thermal energy is increased then there is still [[conservation of energy|energy conservation]], but it is more complicated. | ||
Broadly, forces are either [[fundamental force]]s or [[everyday force]]s. <ref>Hyperphysics, ''Fundamental Forces'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html</ref> | Broadly, forces are either [[fundamental force]]s or [[everyday force]]s. <ref>Hyperphysics, ''Fundamental Forces'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:21, 20 December 2021
A force is an interaction between objects - a push or pull. This interaction has the ability to make an object speed up, slow down, change direction or change its shape.[1] Force is conventionally measured in units of newtons (N) or pounds (lbs).
Exerting a force over some distance represents a specific transfer of energy also known as work:
Where is work, is the force, is the amount of distance the force acts over and is the angle between the two.[2]
Fields (electric fields, magnetic fields, gravitational fields) are spatial regions that exert forces on objects.[3] The position of objects within these fields determines an object's potential energy. When an object is pushed opposite to a field (rocket flying upwards, against gravity), the object gains potential energy. An object that moves with a field loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy (or thermal energy). When forces move between potential and kinetic energy, the system is conserving mechanical energy. For example, if you roll a ball down a hill, the ball starts with potential energy, and as it rolls downward, it exchanges its potential energy with kinetic energy. If thermal energy is increased then there is still energy conservation, but it is more complicated.
Broadly, forces are either fundamental forces or everyday forces. [4]
PhET Simulation on Forces
The University of Colorado has graciously allowed us to use the following PhET simulation. This simulation demonstrates how forces affect motion and acceleration.
For Further Reading
For further information please see the related pages below:
References
- ↑ R. Chabay and B. Sherwood, "The Momentum Principle," in Matter & Interactions, 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011, ch.2, sec.2, pp. 50
- ↑ If the force is changing over the distance than calculus is required and
- ↑ R. D. Knight, "The concept of a field" in Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, 2nd ed. San Francisco, U.S.A.: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008, pp. 806
- ↑ Hyperphysics, Fundamental Forces [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html