Isobar (nuclear): Difference between revisions
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<onlyinclude>A '''nuclear isobar''' are when two [[nuclear species]] exhibit the same total number of [[nucleon]]s for each [[nucleus]], but the number of protons and neutrons making up that total are different. In contrast, a [[nuclear isomer]] would be two nuclear species that have the same number of protons and neutrons, but the elements vary in [[energy]] state. An isobar is similar to an [[isotope]] or [[isotone]] in that it describes a different atomic nucleus with similarities.</onlyinclude><ref> A.D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson (Ed.). (2014, Dec. 12). ''IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology'' (2nd ed., the "Gold Book") [Online]. Available: http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03263.html</ref> Isobars always have the same [[mass number]] (which is the number written to the upper left of the [[chemical]] symbol). | <onlyinclude>A '''nuclear isobar''' are when two [[nuclear species]] exhibit the same total number of [[nucleon]]s for each [[nucleus]], but the number of protons and neutrons making up that total are different. In contrast, a [[nuclear isomer]] would be two nuclear species that have the same number of protons and neutrons, but the elements vary in [[energy]] state. An isobar is similar to an [[isotope]] or [[isotone]] in that it describes a different atomic nucleus with similarities.</onlyinclude><ref> A.D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson (Ed.). (2014, Dec. 12). ''IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology'' (2nd ed., the "Gold Book") [Online]. Available: http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03263.html</ref> Isobars always have the same [[mass number]] (which is the number written to the upper left of the [[chemical]] symbol). | ||
Some examples of isobars include: | Some examples of nuclear species that are isobars include: | ||
* <chem> ^{40}_{20}Ca</chem> and <chem> ^{40}_{19}K</chem> | * <chem> ^{40}_{20}Ca</chem> and <chem> ^{40}_{19}K</chem> | ||
* <chem> ^{14}_{6}C</chem> and <chem> ^{14}_{7}N</chem> | * <chem> ^{14}_{6}C</chem> and <chem> ^{14}_{7}N</chem> | ||
In the above examples, <chem> ^{40}_{20}Ca</chem> and <chem> ^{40}_{19}K</chem> are isobars since they both have 40 nucleons in their nuclei. The same is true for <chem> ^{14}_{6}C</chem> and <chem> ^{14}_{7}N</chem> , which each have 14 nucleons. ''' A daughter nucleus after [[beta decay]] will always be an isobar of the parent nucleus''', since it doesn't change the number of [[nucleon]]s in the nucleus the way [[alpha decay]] does. Note that different isobars must always have a different number of protons (different [[atomic number]]), and must therefore be different chemical elements. | In the above examples, <chem> ^{40}_{20}Ca</chem> and <chem> ^{40}_{19}K</chem> are isobars since they both have 40 nucleons in their nuclei. The same is true for <chem> ^{14}_{6}C</chem> and <chem> ^{14}_{7}N</chem> , which each have 14 nucleons. ''' A daughter nucleus after [[beta decay]] will always be an isobar of the parent nucleus''', since it doesn't change the total number of [[nucleon]]s in the nucleus the way [[alpha decay]] does. Note that different isobars must always have a different number of protons (different [[atomic number]]), and must therefore be different chemical elements. | ||
== | ==Phet: Build a Nucleus== | ||
The [ | The [[who we are|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus changes the isotope. | ||
<html><iframe src="https:// | <html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html> | ||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
Revision as of 18:44, 27 May 2021
A nuclear isobar are when two nuclear species exhibit the same total number of nucleons for each nucleus, but the number of protons and neutrons making up that total are different. In contrast, a nuclear isomer would be two nuclear species that have the same number of protons and neutrons, but the elements vary in energy state. An isobar is similar to an isotope or isotone in that it describes a different atomic nucleus with similarities.[1] Isobars always have the same mass number (which is the number written to the upper left of the chemical symbol).
Some examples of nuclear species that are isobars include:
- and
- and
In the above examples, and are isobars since they both have 40 nucleons in their nuclei. The same is true for and , which each have 14 nucleons. A daughter nucleus after beta decay will always be an isobar of the parent nucleus, since it doesn't change the total number of nucleons in the nucleus the way alpha decay does. Note that different isobars must always have a different number of protons (different atomic number), and must therefore be different chemical elements.
Phet: Build a Nucleus
The Energy education team has adapted the following simulation from the University of Colorado. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus changes the isotope.
For Further Reading
- Isotope
- Isotone
- Nuclide
- Nuclear isomer
- Strong force
- Or explore a random page
References
- ↑ A.D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson (Ed.). (2014, Dec. 12). IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd ed., the "Gold Book") [Online]. Available: http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03263.html