Global climate model: Difference between revisions
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[[File:AtmosphericModelSchematic.png|thumb|400x400px|Figure 1. Example of a 3D grid used in global climate models. Calculations keep track of energy flows between grid cells, along with momentum transfer, radiation, temperature, and other parameters.<ref>NOAA (2007). (Accessed July 10, 2026). ''Atmospheric Model Schematic'' [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_circulation_model#</ref>]] | |||
<onlyinclude>'''Global climate models''' (also referred to as '''general circulation models''', both abbreviated as '''GCM''') are [[climate model]]s that take into account the physical processes in the [[atmosphere]], [[ocean]], [[cryosphere]] and land surfaces.</onlyinclude><ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> As a result, they are the most advanced tools available for simulating the response of the [[climate system]] to increasing [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations.<ref name=ipcc1>IPCC. (Accessed July 7, 2016). ''What is a GCM?'' [Online], Available: http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/gcm_guide.html</ref> | <onlyinclude>'''Global climate models''' (also referred to as '''general circulation models''', both abbreviated as '''GCM''') are [[climate model]]s that take into account the physical processes in the [[atmosphere]], [[ocean]], [[cryosphere]] and land surfaces.</onlyinclude><ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> As a result, they are the most advanced tools available for simulating the response of the [[climate system]] to increasing [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations.<ref name=ipcc1>IPCC. (Accessed July 7, 2016). ''What is a GCM?'' [Online], Available: http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/gcm_guide.html</ref> | ||
GCMs represent the global [[climate]] using a 3-dimensional grid over the globe, | GCMs represent the global [[climate]] using a 3-dimensional grid over the globe, Figure 1 is an example. Typically, the 3D grid has a horizontal [[climate model#Model resolution|resolution]] between 250 and 600 [[kilometer|km]], 10 to 20 vertical layers in the atmosphere, and up to 30 layers in the ocean. This resolution is relatively coarse, resulting in the need for averaging of properties in a technique known as '''[[parameterization]]''', which introduces a source of [[uncertainty]] into the model.<ref name=ipcc1/> In order to deal with uncertainty, GCMs may simulate quite different responses to different [[climate forcing]]s. | ||
[[ | == For Further Reading == | ||
* [[Climate model]] | |||
* [[Climate system]] | |||
* [[Uncertainty]] | |||
* [[Climate forcing]] | |||
* Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category: Uploaded]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:43, 4 August 2026
Figure 1. Example of a 3D grid used in global climate models. Calculations keep track of energy flows between grid cells, along with momentum transfer, radiation, temperature, and other parameters.[1]
Global climate models (also referred to as general circulation models, both abbreviated as GCM) are climate models that take into account the physical processes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and land surfaces.[2] As a result, they are the most advanced tools available for simulating the response of the climate system to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.[3]
GCMs represent the global climate using a 3-dimensional grid over the globe, Figure 1 is an example. Typically, the 3D grid has a horizontal resolution between 250 and 600 km, 10 to 20 vertical layers in the atmosphere, and up to 30 layers in the ocean. This resolution is relatively coarse, resulting in the need for averaging of properties in a technique known as parameterization, which introduces a source of uncertainty into the model.[3] In order to deal with uncertainty, GCMs may simulate quite different responses to different climate forcings.
For Further Reading
- Climate model
- Climate system
- Uncertainty
- Climate forcing
- Or explore a random page
References
- ↑ NOAA (2007). (Accessed July 10, 2026). Atmospheric Model Schematic [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_circulation_model#
- ↑ R. Wolfson. Energy, Environment and Climate, 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 IPCC. (Accessed July 7, 2016). What is a GCM? [Online], Available: http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/gcm_guide.html