Energy Education

Modes of climate variability: Difference between revisions

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<onlyinclude>[[Climate]] can be defined as the long-term trends of the [[weather]]. While both are fundamental to the [[atmosphere]], they are affected by cooperation between the atmosphere and the [[ocean]], the [[biosphere]], the land surface, and the [[cryosphere]].</onlyinclude> These components exchange [[mass]], [[momentum]] and [[energy]] on all time scales. As a consequence, global or regional scale climate variables such as the [[sea surface temperature]], the [[rainfall]], the surface [[pressure]] or the [[wind speed]] fluctuate somewhat regularly.<ref name=RE2>"Global modes of climate variability", 2016. [Online]. Available: http://research.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd//PREPRINTS/OdV&co-Global_modes-preprint_grl50386.pdf. [Accessed: 22- Jul- 2016].</ref> This regular fluctuation is a [[Natural vs anthropogenic climate change|natural]] form of [[climate variability]], which are individually known as modes or oscillations. Their phases and states are monitored by different types of [[climate model]]s. There are many known oscillations which extend over larges areas across the globe. Examples are:
<onlyinclude>[[Climate]] can be defined as the long-term trends of the [[weather]]. While both climate and weather are fundamental to the [[atmosphere]], they are affected by cooperation between the atmosphere and the [[ocean]], the [[biosphere]], the land surface, and the [[cryosphere]].</onlyinclude> These components exchange [[mass]], [[momentum]] and [[energy]] on all time scales. As a consequence, global or regional scale climate variables such as the [[sea surface temperature]], the [[rainfall]], the surface [[pressure]] or the [[wind speed]] fluctuate somewhat regularly.<ref name=RE2>"Global modes of climate variability", 2016. [Online]. Available: http://research.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd//PREPRINTS/OdV&co-Global_modes-preprint_grl50386.pdf. [Accessed: 22- Jul- 2016].</ref> This regular fluctuation is a ''[[Natural vs anthropogenic climate change|natural]] form of [[climate variability]]'', which are individually known as '''modes''' or '''oscillations'''. Their phases and states are monitored by different types of [[climate model]]s. There are many known oscillations which extend over large areas across the globe. Examples include:
 
[[File:NAO_Schematic_0.png|thumb|400px|right|Figure 1. This image illustrates the surface pressure in both negative and positive modes of the North Atlantic Oscillation.<ref>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (July 22, 2016). ‘’NAO Modes’’ [Online]. Available: https://www.climate.gov/sites/default/files/NAO_Schematic_0.png</ref>]]


* [[North Atlantic Oscillation]] (NAO)
* [[North Atlantic Oscillation]] (NAO)
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* [[Pacific North American pattern]] (PNA)
* [[Pacific North American pattern]] (PNA)
* [[Pacific Decadal Oscillation]] (PDO)
* [[Pacific Decadal Oscillation]] (PDO)
* [[El Nino | El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] (ENSO)
* [[El Nino |El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] (ENSO)
* [[Northern Annular Mode]] (NAM; previously called the Arctic Oscillation, AO)
* [[Northern Annular Mode]] (NAM; previously called the Arctic Oscillation, AO)
* [[Southern Annular Mode]] (SAM; previously called the Antarctic Oscillation, AAO).
* [[Southern Annular Mode]] (SAM; previously called the Antarctic Oscillation, AAO).


These patterns vary over a large range of space and time scales, and their fluctuations can impact global and [[regional temperature variation]]s.<ref name=RE1>"Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change", National Academy Press, pp. 25-26, 1998.</ref>
These patterns vary over a large range of space and time scales, and their fluctuations can impact ''global'' and [[regional temperature variation|''regional'' temperature variation]]s.<ref name=RE1>"Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change", National Academy Press, pp. 25-26, 1998.</ref>
 
== For Further Reading ==
 
*[[Climate]]
*[[Climate variability]]
*[[Weather]]
*Explore the list of examples above
* Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category: Uploaded]]

Latest revision as of 20:55, 2 July 2026

Climate can be defined as the long-term trends of the weather. While both climate and weather are fundamental to the atmosphere, they are affected by cooperation between the atmosphere and the ocean, the biosphere, the land surface, and the cryosphere. These components exchange mass, momentum and energy on all time scales. As a consequence, global or regional scale climate variables such as the sea surface temperature, the rainfall, the surface pressure or the wind speed fluctuate somewhat regularly.[1] This regular fluctuation is a natural form of climate variability, which are individually known as modes or oscillations. Their phases and states are monitored by different types of climate models. There are many known oscillations which extend over large areas across the globe. Examples include:

Figure 1. This image illustrates the surface pressure in both negative and positive modes of the North Atlantic Oscillation.[2]

These patterns vary over a large range of space and time scales, and their fluctuations can impact global and regional temperature variations.[3]

For Further Reading

References

  1. ↑ "Global modes of climate variability", 2016. [Online]. Available: http://research.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd//PREPRINTS/OdV&co-Global_modes-preprint_grl50386.pdf. [Accessed: 22- Jul- 2016].
  2. ↑ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (July 22, 2016). ‘’NAO Modes’’ [Online]. Available: https://www.climate.gov/sites/default/files/NAO_Schematic_0.png
  3. ↑ "Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change", National Academy Press, pp. 25-26, 1998.
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