Upstream oil and gas industry: Difference between revisions
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<onlyinclude>'''Upstream industry''' is the portion of the [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] industry that is responsible for finding [[crude oil]] and natural gas deposits, along with producing them. Upstream industry is sometimes known as the '''exploration and production''' or '''E&P''' sector.</onlyinclude><ref>PSAC. (June 11, 2015). ''Industry Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://www.psac.ca/business/industry-overview/</ref> This part of the [[petroleum]] industry includes all activities that happen out in the field including drilling [[oil well|wells]], trucking supplies, and mining [[oil sands]]. | <onlyinclude>'''Upstream industry''' is the portion of the [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] industry that is responsible for finding [[crude oil]] and natural gas deposits, along with producing them. Upstream industry is sometimes known as the '''exploration and production''' or '''E&P''' sector.</onlyinclude><ref>PSAC. (June 11, 2015). ''Industry Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://www.psac.ca/business/industry-overview/</ref> This part of the [[petroleum]] industry includes all activities that happen out in the field including drilling [[oil well|wells]], trucking supplies, and mining [[oil sands]]. In addition, it includes planning and preparation—including environmental studies and engineering plans. | ||
[[File:oilind.png|400px|framed|center|Figure 1. Representation of upstream, [[midstream oil and gas industry|midstream]], and [[downstream oil and gas industry|downstream]] industry.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.''</ref>]] | [[File:oilind.png|400px|framed|center|Figure 1. Representation of upstream, [[midstream oil and gas industry|midstream]], and [[downstream oil and gas industry|downstream]] industry.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.''</ref>]] | ||
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==Environmental Impacts== | ==Environmental Impacts== | ||
There are several environmental impacts that can be connected to various upstream petroleum activities. There are a wide variety of [[emission]]s released into the [[atmosphere]] as a result of activities such as [[flaring]]. This reduces [[air quality]] and increases [[greenhouse gas]] emissions. Some of these emissions include [[benzene]]s, [[particulate matter]], [[acid]] emissions, [[methane]], and [[carbon dioxide]]. 2013 estimates report that the upstream oil and gas sector contributed 20% of the sulfur oxide ([[SOx]]) emissions, 23% of the nitrogen oxide emissions ([[NOx]]), and 29% of the [[volatile organic compound]] emissions in Canada.<ref>Environment Canada. (July 28, 2015). ''Air Pollutant Emissions'' [Online]. Available: http://ec.gc.ca/inrp-npri/donnees-data/ap/index.cfm?lang=En</ref> | There are several environmental impacts that can be connected to various upstream petroleum activities. There are a wide variety of [[emission]]s released into the [[atmosphere]] as a result of activities such as [[flaring]]. This reduces [[air quality]] and increases [[greenhouse gas]] emissions. Some of these emissions include [[benzene]]s, [[particulate matter]], [[acid]] emissions, [[methane]], and [[carbon dioxide]]. 2013 estimates report that the upstream oil and gas sector contributed 20% of the sulfur oxide ([[SOx]]) emissions, 23% of the nitrogen oxide emissions ([[NOx]]), and 29% of the [[volatile organic compound]] emissions in Canada.<ref>Environment Canada. (July 28, 2015). ''Air Pollutant Emissions'' [Online]. Available: http://ec.gc.ca/inrp-npri/donnees-data/ap/index.cfm?lang=En</ref> Moreover, water quality and negative environmental effects from land use are a concern with upstream industry. The use of fracking fluids when drilling wells is a concern in terms of groundwater contamination and the extensive water use in oil sands extraction is potentially problematic. As well, the disruption of habitats can arise from development of extraction sites. | ||
==Interactive Graph== | ==Interactive Graph== | ||
For an interactive graph showing what pollutants arise from upstream oil industry click [http://energyeducation.ca/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=SOX&source= | For an interactive graph showing what pollutants arise from upstream oil industry click [http://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Detailed_pollution_data&pollutant=SOX&source=Oil_and_Gas_Industry#Detailed_Source_Data here]. The values can be compared to emissions from the downstream industry as well. The pollutant being looked at is automatically set to sulfur oxides, but try changing the pollutant to nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, or carbon monoxide! | ||
==For Further Reading== | |||
*[[Crude oil]] | |||
*[[Oil well]] and [[oil sands]] | |||
*[[Downstream oil and gas industry]] | |||
*[[Midstream oil and gas industry]] | |||
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Uploaded]] | [[Category:Uploaded]] | ||
Revision as of 19:27, 19 June 2018
Upstream industry is the portion of the oil and natural gas industry that is responsible for finding crude oil and natural gas deposits, along with producing them. Upstream industry is sometimes known as the exploration and production or E&P sector.[1] This part of the petroleum industry includes all activities that happen out in the field including drilling wells, trucking supplies, and mining oil sands. In addition, it includes planning and preparation—including environmental studies and engineering plans.
The different sectors within the upstream industry include:[3]
- Offshore drilling
- Oil sands mining
- Supply and service
- Manufacturing
- Seismic surveys
- Geological surveys
- Reclamation
Environmental Impacts
There are several environmental impacts that can be connected to various upstream petroleum activities. There are a wide variety of emissions released into the atmosphere as a result of activities such as flaring. This reduces air quality and increases greenhouse gas emissions. Some of these emissions include benzenes, particulate matter, acid emissions, methane, and carbon dioxide. 2013 estimates report that the upstream oil and gas sector contributed 20% of the sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions, 23% of the nitrogen oxide emissions (NOx), and 29% of the volatile organic compound emissions in Canada.[4] Moreover, water quality and negative environmental effects from land use are a concern with upstream industry. The use of fracking fluids when drilling wells is a concern in terms of groundwater contamination and the extensive water use in oil sands extraction is potentially problematic. As well, the disruption of habitats can arise from development of extraction sites.
Interactive Graph
For an interactive graph showing what pollutants arise from upstream oil industry click here. The values can be compared to emissions from the downstream industry as well. The pollutant being looked at is automatically set to sulfur oxides, but try changing the pollutant to nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, or carbon monoxide!
For Further Reading
- Crude oil
- Oil well and oil sands
- Downstream oil and gas industry
- Midstream oil and gas industry
- Or explore a random page
References
- ↑ PSAC. (June 11, 2015). Industry Overview [Online]. Available: http://www.psac.ca/business/industry-overview/
- ↑ Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.
- ↑ Careers in Oil and Gas. (June 12, 2015). Upstream Petroleum Industry [Online]. Available: http://www.careersinoilandgas.com/build-your-career/about-the-industry/industry-overview/upstream-petroleum-industry.aspx#.VXrqT89Viko
- ↑ Environment Canada. (July 28, 2015). Air Pollutant Emissions [Online]. Available: http://ec.gc.ca/inrp-npri/donnees-data/ap/index.cfm?lang=En