Heat transfer mechanisms: Difference between revisions
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<onlyinclude>'''Heat transfer mechanisms''' are | [[Category:Translated to French]] | ||
[[fr:Mécanismes de transfert thermique]] | |||
[[File:Aerogel.jpg|framed|right|Figure 1. The photo above shows Aerogel, an extremely good thermal insulator, between a blowtorch and matches. The Aerogel blocks all of the heat from the blowtorch and prevents the matches from burning.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (July 30, 2015). ''Aerogel'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Aerogel_matches.jpg</ref>]] | |||
<onlyinclude>'''Heat transfer mechanisms''' are the ways by which thermal energy can be transferred between objects, and they all rely on the basic principle that kinetic energy or heat wants to be at equilibrium or at ''equal energy states''. There are three different ways for [[heat transfer]] to occur: [[conduction]], [[convection]], and [[radiant heat]] (often referred to as [[radiation]], but that's a more general term that includes many other phenomena).<ref>Hyperphysics, ''Heat Transfer'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html</ref></onlyinclude> There is a related phenomenon that transfers [[latent heat]] called [[evapotranspiration]]. | |||
==Conduction== | ==Conduction== | ||
:''[[Thermal conduction|main article]]'' | :''[[Thermal conduction|main article]]'' | ||
Conduction is the simplest heat transfer model in terms of being able to create a mathematical explanation for what's happening. It is the movement of kinetic energy in materials from higher temperature areas to lower temperature areas through a substance.<ref>Hyperphysics, ''Heat Conduction'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html#c2</ref> The molecules will simply give their energy to adjacent molecules until an equilibrium is reached. Conduction models do not deal with the movement of particles within the material. | Conduction is the simplest heat transfer model in terms of being able to create a mathematical explanation for what's happening. It is the movement of kinetic energy in materials from higher temperature areas to lower temperature areas through a substance.<ref>Hyperphysics, ''Heat Conduction'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html#c2</ref> The molecules will simply give their energy to adjacent molecules until an equilibrium is reached. Conduction models do not deal with the movement of particles within the material. | ||
==Convection== | ==Convection== | ||
< | [[File:Convection cell atmos labeled.gif|thumb|350px|right|Figure 2. Air over land heats faster than air over water, leading to convection which feels like a cool ocean breeze.<ref name=Book1>”Properties of Matter Reading Selection: Density Creates Currents.” [Online]. Available: http://www.propertiesofmatter.si.edu/Density_Creates.html</ref>]] | ||
:''[[Thermal convection|main article]]'' | :''[[Thermal convection|main article]]'' | ||
Convection is heat transfer through [[fluid]] (like [[air]] or [[water]]) motion. The difference between conduction and convection is the motion of a material carrier; convection is the movement of the thermal energy by moving hot fluid (as opposed to making other material hot by wiggling [[atom]]s). Usually this motion occurs as a result of differences in density. Warmer particles are less dense, so particles with higher temperature will move to regions where the temperature is cooler and the particles with lower temperature will move to areas of higher temperature. The fluid will remain in motion until equilibrium is reached. | Convection is heat transfer through [[fluid]] (like [[air]] or [[water]]) motion. The difference between conduction and convection is the motion of a material carrier; convection is the movement of the thermal energy by moving hot fluid (as opposed to making other material hot by wiggling [[atom]]s). Usually this motion occurs as a result of differences in density. Warmer particles are less dense, so particles with higher temperature will move to regions where the temperature is cooler and the particles with lower temperature will move to areas of higher temperature. The fluid will remain in motion until equilibrium is reached. | ||
==Radiation== | ==Radiation== | ||
< | [[File:Fire.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Figure 1: Campfires emit radiant "energy" and is felt as "radiant heat".<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fire_from_brazier.jpg</ref>]] | ||
:''[[radiant heat|main article]]'' | :''[[radiant heat|main article]]'' | ||
Heat transferred by [[radiation]] is called radiant heat. Like [[light]], radiant heat is [[radiant energy]], and does not necessarily require a medium to carry it. This form of energy transfer is facilitated through a type of [[electromagnetic radiation]].<ref>R. Chabay and B. Sherwood, "Energy and Momentum in Radiation," in Matter & Interactions, 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011, ch.24, sec.5, pp. 1002-1003</ref> All moving [[charge]]d particles emit electromagnetic radiation. This emitted [[wave]] will travel until it hits another particle. The particle that receives this radiation will receive it as kinetic energy. Particles will receive and emit radiation even after everything is at the same temperature, but it's not noticed due to the fact that the material is at equilibrium at this point. | Heat transferred by [[radiation]] is called radiant heat. Like [[light]], radiant heat is [[radiant energy]], and does not necessarily require a medium to carry it. This form of energy transfer is facilitated through a type of [[electromagnetic radiation]].<ref>R. Chabay and B. Sherwood, "Energy and Momentum in Radiation," in Matter & Interactions, 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011, ch.24, sec.5, pp. 1002-1003</ref> All moving [[charge]]d particles emit electromagnetic radiation. This emitted [[wave]] will travel until it hits another particle. The particle that receives this radiation will receive it as kinetic energy. Particles will receive and emit radiation even after everything is at the same temperature, but it's not noticed due to the fact that the material is at equilibrium at this point. | ||
This type of heat transfer is particularly important in the setting the [[cross section of the Earth|temperature of Earth]]. Radiation, as heat transfer, is how the Earth gets energy from the sun | This type of heat transfer is particularly important in the setting the [[cross section of the Earth|temperature of Earth]]. Radiation, as heat transfer, is how the Earth gets energy from the sun. Radiation is also important for the [[greenhouse effect]]. | ||
==Evapotranspiration== | ==Evapotranspiration== | ||
[[File:watercycle.png|250px|thumb|Figure 1. The water cycle relies on evapotranspiration.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration#/media/File:Surface_water_cycle.svg</ref>]] | |||
:''[[Evapotranspiration|main article]]'' | :''[[Evapotranspiration|main article]]'' | ||
Evapotranspiration is the energy carried by [[phase change]]s, like evaporation or sublimation.<ref>USGS, ''Evapotranspiration - The Water Cycle'' [Online], Available: http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleevapotranspiration.html</ref> Water takes a fair amount of energy to change phase, so this process acknowledges that water vapour has a fair amount of energy associated with it. This type of energy transfer mechanism is often not listed among the different types of transfer mechanism as it's harder to understand. | Evapotranspiration is the energy carried by [[phase change]]s, like evaporation or sublimation.<ref>USGS, ''Evapotranspiration - The Water Cycle'' [Online], Available: http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleevapotranspiration.html</ref> Water takes a fair amount of energy to change phase, so this process acknowledges that water vapour has a fair amount of energy associated with it. This type of energy transfer mechanism is often not listed among the different types of transfer mechanism as it's harder to understand. | ||
== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
*[[Evapotranspiration]] | |||
*[[Radiation]] | |||
*[[Thermal conduction]] | |||
*[[Convection]] | |||
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Uploaded]] | [[Category:Uploaded]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:03, 27 September 2021
Figure 1. The photo above shows Aerogel, an extremely good thermal insulator, between a blowtorch and matches. The Aerogel blocks all of the heat from the blowtorch and prevents the matches from burning.[1]
Heat transfer mechanisms are the ways by which thermal energy can be transferred between objects, and they all rely on the basic principle that kinetic energy or heat wants to be at equilibrium or at equal energy states. There are three different ways for heat transfer to occur: conduction, convection, and radiant heat (often referred to as radiation, but that's a more general term that includes many other phenomena).[2] There is a related phenomenon that transfers latent heat called evapotranspiration.
Conduction
Conduction is the simplest heat transfer model in terms of being able to create a mathematical explanation for what's happening. It is the movement of kinetic energy in materials from higher temperature areas to lower temperature areas through a substance.[3] The molecules will simply give their energy to adjacent molecules until an equilibrium is reached. Conduction models do not deal with the movement of particles within the material.
Convection
Figure 2. Air over land heats faster than air over water, leading to convection which feels like a cool ocean breeze.[4]
Convection is heat transfer through fluid (like air or water) motion. The difference between conduction and convection is the motion of a material carrier; convection is the movement of the thermal energy by moving hot fluid (as opposed to making other material hot by wiggling atoms). Usually this motion occurs as a result of differences in density. Warmer particles are less dense, so particles with higher temperature will move to regions where the temperature is cooler and the particles with lower temperature will move to areas of higher temperature. The fluid will remain in motion until equilibrium is reached.
Radiation
Figure 1: Campfires emit radiant "energy" and is felt as "radiant heat".[5]
Heat transferred by radiation is called radiant heat. Like light, radiant heat is radiant energy, and does not necessarily require a medium to carry it. This form of energy transfer is facilitated through a type of electromagnetic radiation.[6] All moving charged particles emit electromagnetic radiation. This emitted wave will travel until it hits another particle. The particle that receives this radiation will receive it as kinetic energy. Particles will receive and emit radiation even after everything is at the same temperature, but it's not noticed due to the fact that the material is at equilibrium at this point.
This type of heat transfer is particularly important in the setting the temperature of Earth. Radiation, as heat transfer, is how the Earth gets energy from the sun. Radiation is also important for the greenhouse effect.
Evapotranspiration
Figure 1. The water cycle relies on evapotranspiration.[7]
Evapotranspiration is the energy carried by phase changes, like evaporation or sublimation.[8] Water takes a fair amount of energy to change phase, so this process acknowledges that water vapour has a fair amount of energy associated with it. This type of energy transfer mechanism is often not listed among the different types of transfer mechanism as it's harder to understand.
For Further Reading
- Evapotranspiration
- Radiation
- Thermal conduction
- Convection
- Or explore a random page
References
- ↑ Wikimedia Commons. (July 30, 2015). Aerogel [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Aerogel_matches.jpg
- ↑ Hyperphysics, Heat Transfer [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
- ↑ Hyperphysics, Heat Conduction [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html#c2
- ↑ ”Properties of Matter Reading Selection: Density Creates Currents.” [Online]. Available: http://www.propertiesofmatter.si.edu/Density_Creates.html
- ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fire_from_brazier.jpg
- ↑ R. Chabay and B. Sherwood, "Energy and Momentum in Radiation," in Matter & Interactions, 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011, ch.24, sec.5, pp. 1002-1003
- ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration#/media/File:Surface_water_cycle.svg
- ↑ USGS, Evapotranspiration - The Water Cycle [Online], Available: http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleevapotranspiration.html
