Energy Education

Pentane: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Done 2015-06-01]]  
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[[File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png|400px|right|framed|Figure 1. Space filling molecular model of pentane. In this image, [[carbon]] is black and [[hydrogen]] is white.<ref> "Pentane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>]]
[[Category: Translated to French]]
[[fr:Pentane]]
[[File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png|200px|right|framed|Figure 1. Space-filling molecular model of pentane. In this image, [[carbon]] atoms are represented by the black spheres and [[hydrogen]] atoms are represented by the white spheres.<ref> "Pentane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>]]


<onlyinclude>'''Pentane''' is a [[hydrocarbon]] that can be burned as a [[fuel]]. Its chemical formula is C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub></onlyinclude> and it is a volatile, colourless [[liquid]] with a characteristic [[gasoline]]-like odour.<ref> National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2015). ''Properties of Pentane'' [Online]. Available: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/pentane#section=Experimental-Properties [February 16, 2015].</ref> The properties of pentane are very similar to [[butane]] and [[hexane]]. As well as being used as fuel, pentane has numerous industrial uses. Primarily, pentane is used to create a blowing agent which is then used to create a foam known as polystyrene. Polystyrene is used to make [[insulation]] materials for [[refrigerator]]s and [[heating pipe]]s.<ref> Cornell Biochem. (2015). ''Pentane'' [Online]. Available: https://cornellbiochem.wikispaces.com/Pentane#Uses [February 16, 2015].</ref> As well, pentane is used in [[geothermal electricity|geothermal power stations]] as a "binary" fluid, due to its low [[boiling point]].<ref>Willie Scott. (November 15, 2010). ''Geothermal Power Plants'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/53953.aspx [February 16, 2015]. </ref>
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<onlyinclude>'''Pentane''' is an alkane with the formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>. As a [[hydrocarbon]], it can undergo [[hydrocarbon combustion]] which gives off [[heat]].</onlyinclude> Traces of pentane can be found in raw [[natural gas]], which is a type of [[fossil fuel]].<ref>“NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]</ref> This pentane is usually removed before being shipped to customers as an [[energy currency]].


As is the case with other hydrocarbons, pentane undergoes [[hydrocarbon combustion]], combining with [[oxygen]] to form [[carbon dioxide]]. The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of pentane is:
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Pentane is a volatile, colourless [[liquid]] with a characteristic [[gasoline]]-like odour.<ref> National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2015). ''Properties of Pentane'' [Online]. Available: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/pentane#section=Experimental-Properties [February 16, 2015].</ref>
In addition to being a component of [[natural gas]], pentane has numerous industrial uses. Primarily, pentane is used to create a blowing agent which is then used to create a foam known as [[polystyrene]]. Polystyrene is used to make [[insulation]] materials for [[refrigerator]]s and [[heating pipe]]s.<ref> Cornell Biochem. (2015). ''Pentane'' [Online]. Available: https://cornellbiochem.wikispaces.com/Pentane#Uses [February 16, 2015].</ref> As well, pentane is used in [[geothermal electricity|geothermal power stations]] as a [[binary fluid]], due to its low [[boiling point]] (36<sup>o</sup>C<ref name =elmhurst/>).<ref>Willie Scott. (November 15, 2010). ''Geothermal Power Plants'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/53953.aspx [February 16, 2015]. </ref>


<center><m>C_5H_{12} + 8(O_2)\leftrightarrow 5(CO_2) + 6(H_2O)</m></center>
==Properties== <!--T:4-->


==Properties==
<!--T:5-->
Below is a table of some of the basic properties of pentane.
Below is a table of some of the basic properties of pentane.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| Boiling Point || 36<sup>o</sup>C<ref name =elmhurst/>
| Boiling Point || 36<sup>o</sup>C<ref name =elmhurst/>
|}
|}
==Combustion Reaction== <!--T:6-->
<!--T:7-->
As is the case with other hydrocarbons, pentane undergoes [[hydrocarbon combustion]], combining with [[oxygen]] to form [[carbon dioxide]]. The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of pentane is:
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<center>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>+ 8O<sub>2</sub> → 5CO<sub>2</sub> + 6H<sub>2</sub>O + Heat Energy ([[Enthalpy]]) </center>
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The [[hydrocarbon combustion]] reaction releases [[heat]] [[energy]] and is an example of an [[exothermic reaction]]. The reaction also has a negative [[enthalpy]] change (ΔH) value. 
==For Further Reading==
*[[Chemical energy]]
*[[Chemical bond]]
*[[Combustion]]
*[[Primary energy]]
*[[Energy conversion technology]]
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]
[[Category:Uploaded]]

Latest revision as of 00:02, 27 September 2021

Figure 1. Space-filling molecular model of pentane. In this image, carbon atoms are represented by the black spheres and hydrogen atoms are represented by the white spheres.[1]

Pentane is an alkane with the formula C5H12. As a hydrocarbon, it can undergo hydrocarbon combustion which gives off heat. Traces of pentane can be found in raw natural gas, which is a type of fossil fuel.[2] This pentane is usually removed before being shipped to customers as an energy currency.

Pentane is a volatile, colourless liquid with a characteristic gasoline-like odour.[3] In addition to being a component of natural gas, pentane has numerous industrial uses. Primarily, pentane is used to create a blowing agent which is then used to create a foam known as polystyrene. Polystyrene is used to make insulation materials for refrigerators and heating pipes.[4] As well, pentane is used in geothermal power stations as a binary fluid, due to its low boiling point (36oC[5]).[6]

Properties

Below is a table of some of the basic properties of pentane.

Formula C5H12
Molar mass 72.15 grams/mole
Melting Point -130oC[5]
Boiling Point 36oC[5]

Combustion Reaction

As is the case with other hydrocarbons, pentane undergoes hydrocarbon combustion, combining with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of pentane is:

C5H12+ 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O + Heat Energy (Enthalpy)

The hydrocarbon combustion reaction releases heat energy and is an example of an exothermic reaction. The reaction also has a negative enthalpy change (ΔH) value.

For Further Reading

References

  1. ↑ "Pentane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Pentane-3D-space-filling.png
  2. ↑ “NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]
  3. ↑ National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2015). Properties of Pentane [Online]. Available: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/pentane#section=Experimental-Properties [February 16, 2015].
  4. ↑ Cornell Biochem. (2015). Pentane [Online]. Available: https://cornellbiochem.wikispaces.com/Pentane#Uses [February 16, 2015].
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Charles E. Ophardt. (2003). Virtual Chembook - Hydrocarbon Boiling Points [Online]. Available: http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html [February 16,2015].
  6. ↑ Willie Scott. (November 15, 2010). Geothermal Power Plants [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/53953.aspx [February 16, 2015].
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