Energy Education

Butane: Difference between revisions

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[[File:256px-Butane_torch.jpg|right|framed|Figure 1. A butane torch for kitchen use (specifically for [http://www.ricardocuisine.com/recipes/4016-creme-brulee crème brûlée]).<ref name=book1> [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons accessed 1/29/2015.</ref>]]
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[[File:256px-Butane_torch.jpg|right|200px|framed|Figure 1. A butane torch for kitchen use (specifically for [http://www.ricardocuisine.com/recipes/4016-creme-brulee crème brûlée]).<ref name=book1> [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons accessed 1/29/2015.</ref>]]


<onlyinclude>'''Butane''' is a [[hydrocarbon]] that can be burned as a [[fuel]]. It's chemical formula is C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>.</onlyinclude> It is often one of the components of [[natural gas]].<ref>Center for Energy Economics. (2015). ''Composition of Natural Gas and LNG'' [Online]. Available: http://www.beg.utexas.edu/energyecon/lng/LNG_introduction_07.php [February 16, 2015].</ref> Butane is commonly mixed with [[propane]] in camping fuel in order to maintain higher [[pressure]]s at low [[temperature]]s.<ref name=book1>MSR.(2014). ''MSR ISOPRO - Performance Boosting Fuel for your Canister Stove'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cascadedesigns.com/msr/stoves/stove-accessories/msr-isopro/product [February 16, 2015].</ref> Butane is also one of the key ingredients in lighter fluid and is commonly used in cigarette lighters, portable stoves and butane torches (see figure 1).
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<onlyinclude>'''Butane''' is an an alkane with the chemical formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>. As a type of [[hydrocarbon]], it can undergo [[hydrocarbon combustion]] which gives off heat energy.</onlyinclude> Butane is one of the [[hydrocarbon]] components of raw [[natural gas]], which is a type of [[fossil fuel]].<ref>“NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]</ref> Butane is usually removed from natural gas before being shipped to customers, but then butane is sold separately as a fuel itself.  


Like all hydrocarbons, butane undergoes [[hydrocarbon combustion]] when used as fuel.
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Butane is commonly mixed with [[propane]] in camping fuel in order to maintain higher [[pressure]]s at low [[temperature]]s.<ref name=book2>MSR.(2014). ''MSR ISOPRO - Performance Boosting Fuel for your Canister Stove'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cascadedesigns.com/msr/stoves/stove-accessories/msr-isopro/product [February 16, 2015].</ref> Butane is also one of the main components in lighter fluid and is commonly used in cigarette lighters, portable stoves and butane torches. Figure 1 shows a butane torch used for cooking purposes.


==Properties==
==Properties== <!--T:4-->


[[File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2. Space filling model of butane, the white is [[hydrogen]] and the black is [[carbon]].<ref>"Butane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>]]
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[[File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png|thumb|255px|Figure 2. Space filling model of butane, the white spheres represent[[hydrogen]] and the black spheres represent [[carbon]].<ref>"Butane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>]]
Below is a table of some of the basic properties of butane.
Below is a table of some of the basic properties of butane.
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==Combustion Animation==
==Combustion Reaction== <!--T:6-->
Butane is used as a combustible fuel. Below is an animation showing the net reaction that occurs during the [[hydrocarbon combustion]] of butane.
 
<html><iframe src='http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_butane.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>
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Butane releases its [[chemical energy]] by undergoing [[hydrocarbon combustion]]. Below is a [[hydrocarbon combustion]] animation showing the net reaction that occurs when butane combines with [[oxygen]].  
 
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<center> 2 (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) + 13 (O<sub>2</sub>) → 8(CO<sub>2</sub>) + 10(H<sub>2</sub>O) + Heat Energy ([[Enthalpy]]) </center>
 
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<html><iframe src='https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_butane.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>
 
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The [[hydrocarbon combustion]] reaction releases [[heat]] [[energy]] and is an example of an [[exothermic reaction]]. The reaction also has a negative [[enthalpy]] change (ΔH) value. 
 
==For Further Reading==
*[[Chemical Energy]]
*[[Chemical bond]]
*[[Combustion]]
*[[Primary energy]]
*[[Energy conversion technology]]
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]


==References==
==References==
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Revision as of 21:08, 24 June 2018

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Figure 1. A butane torch for kitchen use (specifically for crème brûlée).[1]

Butane is an an alkane with the chemical formula C4H10. As a type of hydrocarbon, it can undergo hydrocarbon combustion which gives off heat energy. Butane is one of the hydrocarbon components of raw natural gas, which is a type of fossil fuel.[2] Butane is usually removed from natural gas before being shipped to customers, but then butane is sold separately as a fuel itself.

Butane is commonly mixed with propane in camping fuel in order to maintain higher pressures at low temperatures.[3] Butane is also one of the main components in lighter fluid and is commonly used in cigarette lighters, portable stoves and butane torches. Figure 1 shows a butane torch used for cooking purposes.

Properties

Figure 2. Space filling model of butane, the white spheres representhydrogen and the black spheres represent carbon.[4]

Below is a table of some of the basic properties of butane.

Formula C4H10
Molar mass 58.12 grams/mole
Energy density 49.5 MJ/kg[5]
Melting Point -138oC[6]
Boiling Point -0.5oC[6]

Combustion Reaction

Butane releases its chemical energy by undergoing hydrocarbon combustion. Below is a hydrocarbon combustion animation showing the net reaction that occurs when butane combines with oxygen.

2 (C4H10) + 13 (O2) → 8(CO2) + 10(H2O) + Heat Energy (Enthalpy)

The hydrocarbon combustion reaction releases heat energy and is an example of an exothermic reaction. The reaction also has a negative enthalpy change (ΔH) value.

For Further Reading

References

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  1. ↑ [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons accessed 1/29/2015.
  2. ↑ “NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]
  3. ↑ MSR.(2014). MSR ISOPRO - Performance Boosting Fuel for your Canister Stove [Online]. Available: http://www.cascadedesigns.com/msr/stoves/stove-accessories/msr-isopro/product [February 16, 2015].
  4. ↑ "Butane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png
  5. ↑ Glenn Elert. (2015). The Physics Hypertextbook - Chemical Potential Energy [Online]. Available: http://physics.info/energy-chemical/ [February 16, 2015].
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Charles E. Ophardt. (2003). Virtual Chembook - Hydrocarbon Boiling Points [Online]. Available: http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html [February 16,2015].

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