Energy Education

Butane: Difference between revisions

m (1 revision imported)
m (1 revision imported)
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[category:fuels]]
[[category:fuels]]
[[Category:Done 2018-06-15]]  
[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
<translate>
[[Category: Translated to French]]
<!--T:1-->
[[File:256px-Butane_torch.jpg|right|200px|framed|Figure 1. A butane torch for kitchen use (specifically for [http://www.ricardocuisine.com/recipes/4016-creme-brulee crème brûlée]).<ref name=book1> [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons accessed 1/29/2015.</ref>]]
[[File:256px-Butane_torch.jpg|right|200px|framed|Figure 1. A butane torch for kitchen use (specifically for [http://www.ricardocuisine.com/recipes/4016-creme-brulee crème brûlée]).<ref name=book1> [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons accessed 1/29/2015.</ref>]]


<!--T:2-->
<onlyinclude>'''Butane''' is an [[alkane]] with the chemical formula <chem>C4H10</chem>, as shown in Figure 2. As a type of [[hydrocarbon]], it can undergo [[hydrocarbon combustion]] which releases [[heat]] energy.</onlyinclude> Butane is one of the [[hydrocarbon]] components of raw [[natural gas]], which is a type of [[fossil fuel]].<ref>“NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]</ref> Butane is usually removed from natural gas before being shipped to customers, but then butane is sold separately as a [[fuel]] itself.  
<onlyinclude>'''Butane''' is an an alkane with the chemical formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>. As a type of [[hydrocarbon]], it can undergo [[hydrocarbon combustion]] which gives off heat energy.</onlyinclude> Butane is one of the [[hydrocarbon]] components of raw [[natural gas]], which is a type of [[fossil fuel]].<ref>“NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]</ref> Butane is usually removed from natural gas before being shipped to customers, but then butane is sold separately as a fuel itself.  


<!--T:3-->
At typical temperatures and pressures butane is a [[gas]] and either by itself, or mixed with [[propane]] (<chem>C3H8</chem>), makes [[liquefied petroleum gas]] (LPG).<ref name=LPG>Hahn, E. (2020). What is the Percentage of Propane and Butane in LPG Gas Mixture - Which Gas is Present in LPG. [online] Elgas.com.au. Available at: https://www.elgas.com.au/blog/1972-lpg-contains-which-gases-gases-present-in-lpg-gases-used [Accessed 26 Jan. 2020].</ref> The percent of butane and propane in LPG varies based on what LPG is used for and the climate of where it is used.<ref name=LPG/> LPG could even be entirely propane.
Butane is commonly mixed with [[propane]] in camping fuel in order to maintain higher [[pressure]]s at low [[temperature]]s.<ref name=book2>MSR.(2014). ''MSR ISOPRO - Performance Boosting Fuel for your Canister Stove'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cascadedesigns.com/msr/stoves/stove-accessories/msr-isopro/product [February 16, 2015].</ref> Butane is also one of the main components in lighter fluid and is commonly used in cigarette lighters, portable stoves and butane torches. Figure 1 shows a butane torch used for cooking purposes.


==Properties== <!--T:4-->
Butane is also commonly mixed with [[propane]] in camping fuel in order to maintain higher [[pressure]]s at low [[temperature]]s.<ref name=book2>MSR.(2014). ''MSR ISOPRO - Performance Boosting Fuel for your Canister Stove'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cascadedesigns.com/msr/stoves/stove-accessories/msr-isopro/product [February 16, 2015].</ref> Butane is as well one of the main components in lighter fluid and is commonly used in cigarette lighters, portable stoves and butane torches. Figure 1 shows a butane torch used for cooking purposes.


<!--T:5-->
==Properties==
[[File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png|thumb|255px|Figure 2. Space filling model of butane, the white spheres represent[[hydrogen]] and the black spheres represent [[carbon]].<ref>"Butane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>]]
 
[[File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png|thumb|255px|Figure 2. Space filling model of butane, the white spheres represent [[hydrogen]] and the black spheres represent [[carbon]].<ref>"Butane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>]]
Below is a table of some of the basic properties of butane.
Below is a table of some of the basic properties of butane.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 22: Line 20:
| [[Molar mass]] || 58.12 [[kilogram|grams]]/[[mole]]
| [[Molar mass]] || 58.12 [[kilogram|grams]]/[[mole]]
|-
|-
| [[Energy density]] || 49.5 MJ/kg<ref>Glenn Elert. (2015). ''The Physics Hypertextbook - Chemical Potential Energy'' [Online]. Available: http://physics.info/energy-chemical/ [February 16, 2015].</ref>
| [[Energy density]] || 49.5 [[joule|MJ]]/kg<ref>Glenn Elert. (2015). ''The Physics Hypertextbook - Chemical Potential Energy'' [Online]. Available: http://physics.info/energy-chemical/ [February 16, 2015].</ref>
|-
|-
| Melting Point || -138<sup>o</sup>C<ref name =elmhurst>Charles E. Ophardt. (2003). ''Virtual Chembook - Hydrocarbon Boiling Points'' [Online]. Available: http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html [February 16,2015].</ref>
| [[melting point|Melting Point]] || -138[[Celsius|<sup>o</sup>C]]<ref name =elmhurst>Charles E. Ophardt. (2003). ''Virtual Chembook - Hydrocarbon Boiling Points'' [Online]. Available: http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html [February 16,2015].</ref>
|-
|-
| Boiling Point || -0.5<sup>o</sup>C<ref name =elmhurst/>
| [[boiling point|Boiling Point]] || -0.5[[Celsius|<sup>o</sup>C]]<ref name =elmhurst/>
|}
|}


==Combustion Reaction== <!--T:6-->
==Combustion Reaction==  
 
<!--T:7-->
Butane releases its [[chemical energy]] by undergoing [[hydrocarbon combustion]]. Below is a [[hydrocarbon combustion]] animation showing the net reaction that occurs when butane combines with [[oxygen]].  
Butane releases its [[chemical energy]] by undergoing [[hydrocarbon combustion]]. Below is a [[hydrocarbon combustion]] animation showing the net reaction that occurs when butane combines with [[oxygen]].  


<!--T:8-->
<center> 2 C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub> + 13 O<sub>2</sub> → 8 CO<sub>2</sub> + 10 H<sub>2</sub>O + Heat Energy ([[Enthalpy]]) </center>
<center> 2 (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) + 13 (O<sub>2</sub>) → 8(CO<sub>2</sub>) + 10(H<sub>2</sub>O) + Heat Energy ([[Enthalpy]]) </center>


<!--T:9-->
<html><iframe src='https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_butane.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>
<html><iframe src='https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_butane.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>


<!--T:10-->
The [[hydrocarbon combustion]] reaction releases heat [[energy]] and is an example of an [[exothermic reaction]]. The reaction also has a negative [[enthalpy]] change (ΔH) value.   
The [[hydrocarbon combustion]] reaction releases [[heat]] [[energy]] and is an example of an [[exothermic reaction]]. The reaction also has a negative [[enthalpy]] change (ΔH) value.   


==For Further Reading==
==For Further Reading==
*[[Chemical Energy]]
*[[Chemical energy]]
*[[Chemical bond]]
*[[Chemical bond]]
*[[Combustion]]
*[[Combustion]]
Line 52: Line 45:


==References==
==References==
</translate>
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]
[[Category:Uploaded]]
<languages />

Latest revision as of 00:02, 27 September 2021

Figure 1. A butane torch for kitchen use (specifically for crème brûlée).[1]

Butane is an alkane with the chemical formula [math]\ce{C4H10}[/math], as shown in Figure 2. As a type of hydrocarbon, it can undergo hydrocarbon combustion which releases heat energy. Butane is one of the hydrocarbon components of raw natural gas, which is a type of fossil fuel.[2] Butane is usually removed from natural gas before being shipped to customers, but then butane is sold separately as a fuel itself.

At typical temperatures and pressures butane is a gas and either by itself, or mixed with propane ([math]\ce{C3H8}[/math]), makes liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).[3] The percent of butane and propane in LPG varies based on what LPG is used for and the climate of where it is used.[3] LPG could even be entirely propane.

Butane is also commonly mixed with propane in camping fuel in order to maintain higher pressures at low temperatures.[4] Butane is as well one of the main components in lighter fluid and is commonly used in cigarette lighters, portable stoves and butane torches. Figure 1 shows a butane torch used for cooking purposes.

Properties

Figure 2. Space filling model of butane, the white spheres represent hydrogen and the black spheres represent carbon.[5]

Below is a table of some of the basic properties of butane.

Formula C4H10
Molar mass 58.12 grams/mole
Energy density 49.5 MJ/kg[6]
Melting Point -138oC[7]
Boiling Point -0.5oC[7]

Combustion Reaction

Butane releases its chemical energy by undergoing hydrocarbon combustion. Below is a hydrocarbon combustion animation showing the net reaction that occurs when butane combines with oxygen.

2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O + Heat Energy (Enthalpy)

The hydrocarbon combustion reaction releases heat energy and is an example of an exothermic reaction. The reaction also has a negative enthalpy change (ΔH) value.

For Further Reading

References

  1. ↑ [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons accessed 1/29/2015.
  2. ↑ “NATURAL GAS FAQs,” Pacific Northern Gas RSS. [Online]. Available: http://www.png.ca/natural-gas-faqs/. [Accessed: 24-May-2017]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hahn, E. (2020). What is the Percentage of Propane and Butane in LPG Gas Mixture - Which Gas is Present in LPG. [online] Elgas.com.au. Available at: https://www.elgas.com.au/blog/1972-lpg-contains-which-gases-gases-present-in-lpg-gases-used [Accessed 26 Jan. 2020].
  4. ↑ MSR.(2014). MSR ISOPRO - Performance Boosting Fuel for your Canister Stove [Online]. Available: http://www.cascadedesigns.com/msr/stoves/stove-accessories/msr-isopro/product [February 16, 2015].
  5. ↑ "Butane-3D-space-filling". Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png#mediaviewer/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png
  6. ↑ Glenn Elert. (2015). The Physics Hypertextbook - Chemical Potential Energy [Online]. Available: http://physics.info/energy-chemical/ [February 16, 2015].
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Charles E. Ophardt. (2003). Virtual Chembook - Hydrocarbon Boiling Points [Online]. Available: http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html [February 16,2015].
Retrieved from "https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Butane&oldid=10047"